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. 2024 Jun 7;70(suppl 1):e2024S102.
doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.2024S102. eCollection 2024.

Anesthesia and cancer

Plínio da Cunha Leal  1 , Marcos Antônio Costa de Albuquerque  2 , Luis Antonio Dos Santos Diego  3 , Maria Ângela Tardelli  4
Affiliations

Anesthesia and cancer

Plínio da Cunha Leal et al. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). .
No abstract available

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest: the authors declare there is no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Hypothesis to explain cancer metastasis and recurrence caused by surgery and perioperative anesthetic-induced immunosuppression. Surgery, anesthesia, and analgesia stimulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system during the perioperative period. Activated neuroendocrine mediators lead to increases in several soluble immunosuppressive factors that promote tumor progression and metastasis, resulting in increased cancer recurrence. Adapted from Kim.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Mechanisms related to TH1 or TH2 polarization and their relationship with factors present in the perioperative period. Adapted from Junqueira et al.. Th2: helper 2 type cells; Treg cells: regulatory cells; TAM cells: macrophage-associated tumor cells; MDSC cells: myeloid suppressor cells; NK cells: natural killer cells; STAT3: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa light-chain enhancer of activated B cells; COX-2: cyclooxygenase 2; PGE2: prostaglandin 2.
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