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Review
. 2024 May 15;10(1):FSO901.
doi: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0085. eCollection 2024.

Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of FOXD1 in various cancers: a meta and bioinformation analysis

Xiaohan Liu  1   2 , Shengyun Min  3 , Qin Zhang  1   2 , Yan Liu  1   2 , Zhenhong Zou  1 , Nanye Wang  4 , Bin Zhou  5
Affiliations
Review

Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of FOXD1 in various cancers: a meta and bioinformation analysis

Xiaohan Liu et al. Future Sci OA. .

Abstract

Aim: To examine both predictive and clinicopathological importance underlying FOXD1 in malignant tumors, our study adopts meta-analysis. Methods: We searched from PubMed, Embase, WOS, Wanfang and CNKI. Stata SE15.1 was used to calculate the risk ratio (HR) as well as relative risk (RR) with 95% of overall CIs to assess FOXD1 and overall survival rate (OS), disease-free survival rate as well as clinicopathological parameters. Results: 3808 individuals throughout 17 trials showed high FOXD1 expression was linked to disadvantaged OS (p < 0.001) and disease-free survival (p < 0.001) and higher TNM stage (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Elevated FOXD1 had worse predictions and clinicopathological parameters in most cancers. The GEPIA database findings also support our results.

Keywords: FOXD1; biomarkers; cancer; meta-analysis; prognosis.

Plain language summary

FOXD1 is a gene linked to a variety of cancers. In our article, we analyzed the results of several clinical trials in patients with different cancers. We found that when this gene is expressed in large amounts, it is often indicative of poor survival rates. From this study we can use FOXD1 to predict the course of the disease and at the same time study its upper and lower pathways to find therapeutic drugs to treat the cancer.

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Conflict of interest statement

This research was financed by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 81860420), the Youth Foundation project of the Jiangxi provincial science and Technology Department (no. 20192BAB215031), and Jiangxi Province Department of Education (GJJ180141). The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Literature retrieval and selection processes.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Meta-analysis of the pooled hazard ratios of overall survival and disease-free survival. (A) Meta-analysis of the pooled HRs of OS in cancer patients. A fixed-effect model was used for 17 studies. The pooled outcomes demonstrated a lower OS for people with most tumors with high-expression of FOXD1 if compared with those with low-expression of FOXD1 (HR: 1.355; 95% CI: 1.236–1.474; p < 0.001). (B) Meta-analysis of the pooled HRs of OS in cancer patients multivariate analysis. The meta-analysis of the pooled HRs of OS in cancer patients multivariate analysis is (HR: 1.969; 95% CI: 1.530–2.408; p < 0.001). (C) Meta-analysis of the pooled HRs of DFS in cancer patients. A fixed-effects model was also employed for four studies. Revealing a marked connection between elevated degrees of FOXD1 and worse DFS (HR: 1.442; 95% CI: 1.035–1.854; p < 0.001). HR: Hazard ratio; OS: Overall survival.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Funnel plots of publication bias about the correlation between FOXD1 expression and hazard ratios of overall survival in the cancer patients. None publication bias for overall survival was discovered in the researches recruited by utilizing Begg's Test (Z = 0.62, Pr > |z| = 0.538) as well as Egger's p-value (p = 0.948).
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Sensitivity analysis evaluating the influence of individual study on the pooled estimate. There was no discernible impact on the pooled hazard ratio, indicating the comparative robustness of the outcome.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
FOXD1 expression in seven types of cancer versus normal tissue. ‘*’ |Log2Fold Change| >1 and p < 0.01. The red box plots represent FOXD1 expression in cancer tissues and the gray box plots represent FOXD1 expression in normal tissues. CESC: Cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma; DBLC: Lymphoid neoplasm large B-cell lymphoma; ESCA: Esophageal cancer; HNSC: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; GBM: Glioblastoma multiforme; LUSC: Lung squamous cell carcinoma; SARC: Sarcoma; UCS: Uterine carcinosarcoma.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Validation of the prognostic effect of FOXD1 on cancer patient overall survival and disease-free survival based on the GEPIA online database. (OS section) Validation of the prognostic effect of FOXD1 on cancer patient overall survival (OS) based on the GEPIA online database. (A) OS plot of FOXD1 in adrenocortical carcinoma. (B) OS plot of FOXD1 in bladder urothelial carcinoma. (C) OS plot of FOXD1 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma. (D) OS plot of FOXD1 in colon adenocarcinoma. (E) OS plot of FOXD1 in kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma. (F) OS plot of FOXD1 in brain lower grade glioma. (G) OS plot of FOXD1 in mesothelioma. (H) OS plot of FOXD1 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. (I) OS plot of FOXD1 in sarcoma. (J) OS plot of FOXD1 in uveal melanoma (DFS section). Validation of the prognostic effect of FOXD1 on cancer patient disease-free survival (DFS) based on the GEPIA online database. (A) DFS plot of FOXD1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. (B) DFS plot of FOXD1 in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. (C) DFS plot of FOXD1 in kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma. (D) DFS plot of FOXD1 in brain lower grade glioma. (E) DFS plot of FOXD1 in mesothelioma. (F) DFS plot of FOXD1 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. (G) DFS plot of FOXD1 in uveal melanoma.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Validation of the prognostic effect of FOXD1 on cancer patient overall survival and disease-free survival based on the GEPIA online database. (OS section) Validation of the prognostic effect of FOXD1 on cancer patient overall survival (OS) based on the GEPIA online database. (A) OS plot of FOXD1 in adrenocortical carcinoma. (B) OS plot of FOXD1 in bladder urothelial carcinoma. (C) OS plot of FOXD1 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma. (D) OS plot of FOXD1 in colon adenocarcinoma. (E) OS plot of FOXD1 in kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma. (F) OS plot of FOXD1 in brain lower grade glioma. (G) OS plot of FOXD1 in mesothelioma. (H) OS plot of FOXD1 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. (I) OS plot of FOXD1 in sarcoma. (J) OS plot of FOXD1 in uveal melanoma (DFS section). Validation of the prognostic effect of FOXD1 on cancer patient disease-free survival (DFS) based on the GEPIA online database. (A) DFS plot of FOXD1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. (B) DFS plot of FOXD1 in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. (C) DFS plot of FOXD1 in kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma. (D) DFS plot of FOXD1 in brain lower grade glioma. (E) DFS plot of FOXD1 in mesothelioma. (F) DFS plot of FOXD1 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. (G) DFS plot of FOXD1 in uveal melanoma.
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Grants and funding

This research was financed by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 81860420), the Youth Foundation project of the Jiangxi provincial science and Technology Department (no. 20192BAB215031), and Jiangxi Province Department of Education (GJJ180141).

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