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Review
. 2024 May 9;16(5):751.
doi: 10.3390/v16050751.

Chronic HIV Transcription, Translation, and Persistent Inflammation

Jonathan M Kilroy  1 , Andrew A Leal  1 , Andrew J Henderson  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Chronic HIV Transcription, Translation, and Persistent Inflammation

Jonathan M Kilroy et al. Viruses. .

Abstract

People with HIV exhibit persistent inflammation that correlates with HIV-associated comorbidities including accelerated aging, increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and neuroinflammation. Mechanisms that perpetuate chronic inflammation in people with HIV undergoing antiretroviral treatments are poorly understood. One hypothesis is that the persistent low-level expression of HIV proviruses, including RNAs generated from defective proviral genomes, drives the immune dysfunction that is responsible for chronic HIV pathogenesis. We explore factors during HIV infection that contribute to the generation of a pool of defective proviruses as well as how HIV-1 mRNA and proteins alter immune function in people living with HIV.

Keywords: HIV; defective proviruses; inflammation; persistence; transcription.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
General overview of the generation of defective HIV proviruses and how they may contribute to chronic inflammation.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Summary of factors that have been implicated in HIV infection and provirus integration.
Figure 3
Figure 3
DNA damage response signaling and HIV integration.
Figure 4
Figure 4
HIV RNAs transcribed from the provirus.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Intracellular innate immune sensing of HIV RNAs.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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