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. 2024 Apr 24:15:1392864.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1392864. eCollection 2024.

Characterization and potential lipid-lowering effects of lactic acid bacteria isolated from cats

Shukun Liang  1   2 , Yanhua Kang  2 , Ya Zhao  1 , Jintao Sun  1 , Xiumin Wang  1 , Hui Tao  1 , Zhenlong Wang  1 , Jinquan Wang  1 , Yougang Zhong  2 , Bing Han  1
Affiliations

Characterization and potential lipid-lowering effects of lactic acid bacteria isolated from cats

Shukun Liang et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

Introduction: This study aimed to study the characterization and the potential lipid-lowering effects of new isolated lactic acid bacteria from the feces of healthy adult cats.

Methods: We collected 85 cat fecal samples, isolated, screening lactic acid bacteria strains from samples, and investigated their in vitro and in vivo biological properties.

Results: A total of 221 lactic acid bacteria strains were isolated from 85 cat fecal samples. Sixteen strains with calcium dissolution rings greater than 1 mm were identified and selected for further characterization. Three lactic acid bacteria strains, Lactobacillus plantarum L-27-2, Pediococcus lactis L-14-1, and Enterococcus faecium, were identified as showing the most promising rates of cholesterol degradation (greater than 20%) and bacteriostatic radius (over 15 mm). These three strains exhibited robust growth and adherence to epithelial cells, along with adaptability to low pH (greater than 70%) and high bile salt conditions (greater than 60%), and remarkable cholesterol degradation and anti-pathogen activity. Sixteen mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) from 4 to 8 weeks of age, while a control group of the same size received a normal diet (ND). At 8 weeks of age, serum, feces and adipose tissue were collected. The results showed that, compared with mice fed an HFD diet alone, all mice fed an HFD diet plus lactic acid bacteria could decrease weight gain. P < 0.05 and the pathological changes of adipose tissue were alleviated. In addition, mice fed L-14-1 and F203 showed abdominal fat accumulation decreased (P < 0.05). Mice fed L-27-2 showed serum and liver triglyceride (TG) decreased (P < 0.05) and mice fed F203 showed serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased (P < 0.01). mice fed L-27-2 and L-14-1 showed inflammatory cytokines (IL-6) was decreased (P < 0.01) Analysis of the fecal microbiota of mice fed these three lactic acid bacteria strains revealed alterations in the gut microbial community. There were common changes in intestinal microbes in mice fed these three lactic acid bacteria: (1) Bacteroides decreased; (2) Myxococcus increased; (3) Lachnoclostridium decreased. The microbes mentioned are all part of the core intestinal flora.

Discussion: This study provided three potential lactic acid bacteria for alleviating animal obesity and inflammation.

Keywords: cholesterol; high-fat diet; lactic acid bacteria; microbiota; probiotics.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Cholesterol degradation curve. Cholesterol degradation %: (Ca – Cb) / Ca × 100, Ca = 0.0815 mg/ml.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Phylogenetic tree constructed based on 16S rRNA gene sequence of three lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from cat feces.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
The growth characteristics. (A) Growth curve of three lactic acid bacteria strains. (B) Acid production curve of three lactic acid bacteria strains.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Adhesion of three strains to epithelial cells. L-27-2, L-14-1, and F203 adhere to cells, while CON is a cell without bacterial adhesion.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Weight-related indexes in HFD mice. (A) Total intake of mice. (B) Weight of mice at 0, 14 and 28 days. (C) Fat index of mice. (D) Organ index of mice. *p < 0.05.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Blood lipid-related indexes in mice. (A) Serum TC content of mice on 28th day. (B) Serum TG content of mice on 28th day. (C) Serum LDL-C content of mice on 28th day. (D) Serum HDL-C content of mice on 28th day. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 7
Lipid and inflammation related indexes in mice. (A) Blood proinflammatory factor (IL-6) content in mice. (B) TC content in the liver of mice. (C) TG content in the liver of mice. (D) TG content in the feces of mice. (E) TC content in the feces of mice. (F) Expression of NPC1L1 protein in mice jejunum. (G) Mice adipose tissue section (100 mice). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.
FIGURE 8
FIGURE 8
Microbial diversity of colon contents in mice. (A) Microbial diversity of mice colon contents (phylum level). (B) Microbial diversity of mice colon contents (phylum level). (C) Microbial diversity of mice colon contents (genus level).
FIGURE 9
FIGURE 9
Experimental flow chart.
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Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This work was supported by Science and Technology Innovation Engineering Fund of Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ASTIP-2023-IFR-14).