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Review
. 2024 May 2;24(1):91.
doi: 10.1007/s10238-024-01353-9.

Inclusion body myositis, viral infections, and TDP-43: a narrative review

Vitalie Văcăraş #  1   2 , Romana Vulturar #  3   4   5 , Adina Chiş  6   7   8 , Laura Damian  5   9   10
Affiliations
Review

Inclusion body myositis, viral infections, and TDP-43: a narrative review

Vitalie Văcăraş et al. Clin Exp Med. .

Abstract

The ubiquitous RNA-processing molecule TDP-43 is involved in neuromuscular diseases such as inclusion body myositis, a late-onset acquired inflammatory myopathy. TDP-43 solubility and function are disrupted in certain viral infections. Certain viruses, high viremia, co-infections, reactivation of latent viruses, and post-acute expansion of cytotoxic T cells may all contribute to inclusion body myositis, mainly in an age-shaped immune landscape. The virally induced senescent, interferon gamma-producing cytotoxic CD8+ T cells with increased inflammatory, and cytotoxic features are involved in the occurrence of inclusion body myositis in most such cases, in a genetically predisposed host. We discuss the putative mechanisms linking inclusion body myositis, TDP-43, and viral infections untangling the links between viruses, interferon, and neuromuscular degeneration could shed a light on the pathogenesis of the inclusion body myositis and other TDP-43-related neuromuscular diseases, with possible therapeutic implications.

Keywords: Inclusion body myositis; Interferon gamma; Long COVID; Myositis triggers; TDP-43.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Regulation of TDP-43 in viral infections: potential implications for cellular processes in IBM pathogenesis
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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