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Review
. 2024 Feb 27;16(2):e55100.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.55100. eCollection 2024 Feb.

Review of Satralizumab for Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A New Biologic Agent Targeting the Interleukin-6 Receptor

Bikash R Meher  1 , Rashmi R Mohanty  2 , Ashish Dash  1
Affiliations
Review

Review of Satralizumab for Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A New Biologic Agent Targeting the Interleukin-6 Receptor

Bikash R Meher et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Currently, three monoclonal antibodies (MABs) have received regulatory approval from the federal agency, the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA), for the medical management of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Satralizumab was the third approved therapy after MABs like eculizumab and inebilizumab for NMOSD, an uncommon but severe enfeebling autoimmune neurological disease. Satralizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, exerts its action in NMOSD by acting against cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), a foremost mediator in the pathological process of NMOSD. Two pivotal clinical trials carried out in NMOSD patients had established that satralizumab significantly decreased the rate of relapse in patients suffering from NMOSD as opposed to placebo. The trials also demonstrated that satralizumab is relatively safe. Thus, satralizumab provides an efficacious and safe treatment option for this rare, disabling central nervous system (CNS) disease. Our review aimed to elucidate the pharmacological characteristics of satralizumab and illustrate the available evidence regarding its safety and efficacy in patients with NMOSD.

Keywords: il-6 antagonist; monoclonal antibodies; neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder; nmosd; satralizumab.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Timeline of satralizumab
USFDA: United States Food and Drug Administration; EU: European Union; NMOSD: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder; BLA: biologics license application Image courtesy: Dash A
Figure 2
Figure 2. Mechanism of action of satralizumab
Abbreviations: AQP4-IgG- Aquaporin-IgG; sIL6R-Soluble interleukin 6 receptor; mIL6R- Membrane-bound interleukin 6 receptor; JAKs- Janus Kinase; STAT- Signal transducer and activator of transcription; MAPS-Mitogen activated protein kinase; SIP-2- SymRK interacting protein- 2 Picture courtesy: Dash A
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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