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Review
. 2024 Mar 5:15:1360109.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1360109. eCollection 2024.

T-cell immunity against senescence: potential role and perspectives

Kseniia Matveeva  1 , Mariia Vasilieva  1 , Ekaterina Minskaia  1 , Stanislav Rybtsov  1 , Daniil Shevyrev  1
Affiliations
Review

T-cell immunity against senescence: potential role and perspectives

Kseniia Matveeva et al. Front Immunol. .

Abstract

The development of age-associated diseases is related to the accumulation of senescent cells in the body. These are old non-functional cells with impaired metabolism, which are unable to divide. Such cells are also resistant to programmed cell death and prone to spontaneous production of some inflammatory factors. The accumulation of senescent cells is related to the age-associated dysfunction of organs and tissues as well as chronic inflammation that enhances with age. In the young organism, senescent cells are removed with the innate immunity system. However, the efficiency of this process decreases with age. Nowadays, more and more evidences are accumulating to support the involvement of specific immunity and T-lymphocytes in the fight against senescent cells. It has great physiological importance since the efficient elimination of senescent cells requires a high diversity of antigen-recognizing receptors to cover the entire spectrum of senescent-associated antigens with high precision and specificity. Developing the approaches of T-cell immunity stimulation to generate or amplify a physiological immune response against senescent cells can provide new perspectives to extend active longevity. In this mini-review, the authors summarize the current understanding of the role of T-cell immunity in the fight against senescent cells and discuss the prospects of stimulating adaptive immunity for combating the accumulation of senescent cells that occurs with age.

Keywords: SASP (senescence-associated secretory phenotype); T-cells (or lymphocytes); adaptive immunity; immunoaging; retroelement; senescence; senolytic agent; transposable element (TE).

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Potential Immunogenicity of Senescent cell. Accumulation of mutations, disruption of post translational modifications of proteins, activation of mobile retroelements and signs of genome instability - all are the traits of senescent cells which may be reflected in immunopeptidome. Cell ageing accompanies with mitochondrial dysfunction that causes mtDAMP release, ROS production and increase of Ca2+ ions. These factors drive the SASP, and with the immunopeptidome changes, shape the immunogenicity of senescent cells. SASP, Senescence Associated Secretory Phenotype; TCA, Tricarboxylic Acid; ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species; mtDAMP, mitochondrial Danger Associated Molecular Patterns; DDR, DNA Damage Response; MHC, Major Histocompatibility Complex.
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Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. The work was supported by Russian Scientific Foundation project No. 23-15-00443, https://rscf.ru/project/23-15-00443/ (accessed on 23 February 2024).

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