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Review
. 2024 Mar;64(1):36-47.
doi: 10.1007/s12088-023-01143-z. Epub 2023 Dec 14.

Next-Gen Dual Transcriptomics for Adult Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis Biomarkers and Host-Pathogen Interplay in Human Cells: A Strategic Review

Manohar Nesakumar  1 , Elizabeth Hanna Luke  1 , Umashankar Vetrivel  1
Affiliations
Review

Next-Gen Dual Transcriptomics for Adult Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis Biomarkers and Host-Pathogen Interplay in Human Cells: A Strategic Review

Manohar Nesakumar et al. Indian J Microbiol. 2024 Mar.

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health concern that results in significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in middle- to low-income countries. Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in adults is a form of TB that affects organs other than the lungs and is challenging to diagnose and treat due to a lack of accurate early diagnostic markers and inadequate knowledge of host immunity. Next-generation sequencing-based approaches have shown potential for identifying diagnostic biomarkers and host immune responses related to EPTB. This strategic review discusses on the significance using primary human cells and cell lines for in vitro transcriptomic studies on common forms of EPTB, such as lymph node TB, brain TB, bone TB, and endometrial TB to derive potential insights. While organoids have shown promise as a model system, primary cell lines still remain a valuable tool for studying host-pathogen interplay due to their conserved immune system, non-iPSC origin, and lack of heterogeneity in cell population. This review outlines a basic workflow for researchers interested in performing transcriptomics studies in EPTB, and also discusses the potential of cell-line based dual RNA-Seq technology for deciphering comprehensive transcriptomic signatures, host-pathogen interplay, and biomarkers from the host and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Thus, emphasizing the implementation of this technique which can significantly contribute to the global anti-TB effort and advance our understanding of EPTB.

Keywords: Biomarkers; Dual-RNA sequencing; Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis; Human cell lines; Primary human cell cultures; Transcriptomics; Tuberculosis.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of InterestThe authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Schematic flow chart of the proposed experimental approach to carry out host–pathogen interaction studies/biomarker/transcriptomics studies using dual RNA-seq approach in EPTB
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Schematic roadmap of experimental approach, scientific and methodological considerations in transcriptomics workflow in EPTB research
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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