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. 2024 Mar 1:14:04045.
doi: 10.7189/jogh.14.04045.

The global burden of childhood and adolescent leukaemia and attributable risk factors: An analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Yiran Cui, Yan Yan

The global burden of childhood and adolescent leukaemia and attributable risk factors: An analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Yiran Cui et al. J Glob Health. .

Abstract

Background: Aim of this study is to estimate the burden of leukaemia in children and adolescents, as well as the socio-demographic index (SDI), for 21 regions around the world from 1990 to 2019.

Methods: We also conducted an analysis of the Joinpoint model to estimate the time trend of childhood and adolescent leukaemia incidence, death, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rate and age-standardised rates (ASR) of leukaemia.

Results: According to our analysis, the middle SDI experienced the highest decrease in incidence rate between 1990 and 2019, with an average annual percent change (AAPC) of -2.8 (95% confidence interval (CI) = -3.0, -2.6, P < 0.05). We showed that DALYs of children leukaemia is 155.98 (95% uncertainty interval (UI) = 127.18, 182.64) for global male, however, global female leukaemia DALYs is 117.65 (95% UI = 102.07, 132.70).

Conclusions: Despite the observed decline in the incidence, mortality, and DALYs of leukaemia over the last three decades, the burden of childhood and adolescent leukaemia remains high, particularly in areas with lower SDI.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure of interest: The authors completed the ICMJE Disclosure of Interest Form (available upon request from the corresponding author) and disclose no relevant interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Panel A. The annual percent changes of age-standardised incidence rates of childhood and adolescent in five SDI quintiles and globally from 1990 to 2019. Panel B. The annual percent changes of age-standardised death rates of childhood and adolescent in five SDI quintiles and globally from 1990 to 2019. Panel C. The annual percent changes of age-standardised DALY rates of childhood and adolescent in five SDI quintiles and globally from 1990 to 2019. DALY – disability-adjusted life years, SDI – socio-demographic index
Figure 2
Figure 2
The age-standardised incidence, death, and DALY rates of global childhood and adolescent leukaemia for both sexes, 1990–2019. DALY – disability-adjusted life years
Figure 3
Figure 3
The incidence cases of leukaemia in three age groups from 1990 to 2019. SDI – socio-demographic index
Figure 4
Figure 4
The distribution of DALYs rate due to leukaemia in 21 geographic regions in 2019. DALY – disability-adjusted life years
Figure 5
Figure 5
Panel A. Relationship between leukaemia incidence rates and sociodemographic index in children and adolescents from 1990 to 2019. Panel B. Relationship between leukaemia death rates and sociodemographic index in children and adolescents from 1990 to 2019. Panel C. Relationship between leukaemia DALY rates and sociodemographic index in children and adolescents from 1990 to 2019. The estimated relationship between SDI and rates is presented by the black line. DALY – disability-adjusted life years, SDI - socio-demographic index
Figure 6
Figure 6
Panel A. The DALY rates of leukaemia from global and 21 regions attributed to occupational exposure to benzene in 2019. Panel B. The DALY rates of leukaemia from global and 21 regions attributed to occupational exposure to formaldehyde in 2019. DALY – disability-adjusted life years
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