Vascularized organoid-on-a-chip: design, imaging, and analysis

doi:10.1007/s10456-024-09905-z

Review

. 2024 May;27(2):147-172.

doi: 10.1007/s10456-024-09905-z. Epub 2024 Feb 26.

Vascularized organoid-on-a-chip: design, imaging, and analysis

Tingting Yu^#^{1

2}, Qihang Yang^#^{1

2}, Bo Peng³, Zhongze Gu^{4

5}, Dan Zhu^{6

7}

Affiliations

¹ Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
² Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
³ Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, China.
⁴ State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China.
⁵ Institute of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Southeast University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215163, China.
⁶ Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China. dawnzh@mail.hust.edu.cn.
⁷ Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China. dawnzh@mail.hust.edu.cn.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 38409567
DOI: 10.1007/s10456-024-09905-z

Review

Vascularized organoid-on-a-chip: design, imaging, and analysis

Tingting Yu et al. Angiogenesis. 2024 May.

. 2024 May;27(2):147-172.

doi: 10.1007/s10456-024-09905-z. Epub 2024 Feb 26.

Authors

Tingting Yu^#^{1

2}, Qihang Yang^#^{1

2}, Bo Peng³, Zhongze Gu^{4

5}, Dan Zhu^{6

7}

Affiliations

¹ Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
² Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
³ Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, China.
⁴ State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China.
⁵ Institute of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Southeast University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215163, China.
⁶ Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China. dawnzh@mail.hust.edu.cn.
⁷ Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China. dawnzh@mail.hust.edu.cn.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 38409567
DOI: 10.1007/s10456-024-09905-z

Abstract

Vascularized organoid-on-a-chip (VOoC) models achieve substance exchange in deep layers of organoids and provide a more physiologically relevant system in vitro. Common designs for VOoC primarily involve two categories: self-assembly of endothelial cells (ECs) to form microvessels and pre-patterned vessel lumens, both of which include the hydrogel region for EC growth and allow for controlled fluid perfusion on the chip. Characterizing the vasculature of VOoC often relies on high-resolution microscopic imaging. However, the high scattering of turbid tissues can limit optical imaging depth. To overcome this limitation, tissue optical clearing (TOC) techniques have emerged, allowing for 3D visualization of VOoC in conjunction with optical imaging techniques. The acquisition of large-scale imaging data, coupled with high-resolution imaging in whole-mount preparations, necessitates the development of highly efficient analysis methods. In this review, we provide an overview of the chip designs and culturing strategies employed for VOoC, as well as the applicable optical imaging and TOC methods. Furthermore, we summarize the vascular analysis techniques employed in VOoC, including deep learning. Finally, we discuss the existing challenges in VOoC and vascular analysis methods and provide an outlook for future development.

Keywords: Deep learning; Tissue optical clearing; Vascular analysis; Vascularized organoid-on-a-chip.

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References

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[1] Ma C, Peng Y, Li H, Chen W (2021) Organ-on-a-chip: a new paradigm for drug development. Trends Pharmacol Sci 42(2):119–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2020.11.009 - DOI - PubMed

[2] Ma C, Peng Y, Li H, Chen W (2021) Organ-on-a-chip: a new paradigm for drug development. Trends Pharmacol Sci 42(2):119–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2020.11.009 - DOI - PubMed

[3] Ingber DE (2022) Human organs-on-chips for disease modelling, drug development and personalized medicine. Nat Rev Genet 23(8):467–491. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-022-00466-9 - DOI - PubMed - PMC

[4] Ingber DE (2022) Human organs-on-chips for disease modelling, drug development and personalized medicine. Nat Rev Genet 23(8):467–491. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-022-00466-9 - DOI - PubMed - PMC

[5] Bhatia SN, Ingber DE (2014) Microfluidic organs-on-chips. Nat Biotechnol 32(8):760–772. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.2989 - DOI - PubMed

[6] Bhatia SN, Ingber DE (2014) Microfluidic organs-on-chips. Nat Biotechnol 32(8):760–772. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.2989 - DOI - PubMed

[7] Jain RK, Au P, Tam J, Duda DG, Fukumura D (2005) Engineering vascularized tissue. Nat Biotechnol 23(7):821–823. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0705-821 - DOI - PubMed

[8] Jain RK, Au P, Tam J, Duda DG, Fukumura D (2005) Engineering vascularized tissue. Nat Biotechnol 23(7):821–823. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0705-821 - DOI - PubMed

[9] Shirure VS, Hughes CCW, George SC (2021) Engineering vascularized organoid-on-a-chip models. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 23:141–167. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-090120-094330 - DOI - PubMed

[10] Shirure VS, Hughes CCW, George SC (2021) Engineering vascularized organoid-on-a-chip models. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 23:141–167. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-090120-094330 - DOI - PubMed

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Vascularized organoid-on-a-chip: design, imaging, and analysis

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Vascularized organoid-on-a-chip: design, imaging, and analysis

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