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. 2024 Feb 19:19:1557-1570.
doi: 10.2147/IJN.S445240. eCollection 2024.

Fructus Xanthii and Magnolia liliiflora Volatile Oils Liposomes-Loaded Thermosensitive in situ Gel for Allergic Rhinitis Management

Zhongxu Jing #  1 , Wenqing Li #  1 , Wei Liao  1 , Ying Lv  1 , Yuwei Liu  1 , Haibo Jiang  1 , Yufei Feng  1
Affiliations

Fructus Xanthii and Magnolia liliiflora Volatile Oils Liposomes-Loaded Thermosensitive in situ Gel for Allergic Rhinitis Management

Zhongxu Jing et al. Int J Nanomedicine. .

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to fabricate a Fructus Xanthii and Magnolia liliiflora volatile oils liposomes-loaded thermosensitive in situ gel (gel/LIP/volatile oil) for effectively treating allergic rhinitis via intranasal administration.

Patients and methods: Particle size, polymer dispersity index (PDI), entrapment effectiveness, and cumulative drug permeation of the developed liposomes were assessed. Then, a thermoreversible in situ gel was created using the liposomes loaded with volatile oils of Fructus Xanthii and Magnolia liliiflora. The effectiveness of this treatment for allergic rhinitis was confirmed by evaluating nasal symptoms, and hematological results, after injecting the formulation into the ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice, we conducted hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) and immunohistochemistry to evaluate the outcomes. The effects of the gel/LIP/volatile oil formulation for nasal delivery of volatile oil in the treatment of rhinitis were then assessed.

Results: The average particle size was 95.1 ± 3.6 nm, and the encapsulation efficiencies of Fructus Xanthii and Magnolia liliiflora volatile oils were 70.42 ± 5.41% and 67.10 ± 6.08%, respectively. Drug loadings of Fructus Xanthii and Magnolia liliiflora volatile oils were 9.10 ± 0.98% and 16.10 ± 1.03%, respectively. The binary formulation produced a gel rapidly in the nasal cavity with a strong mucosal adherence at a temperature of delivering volatile oil to the nasal mucosa steadily and continuously. After nasal administration, the gel/LIP/volatile oil sustained the volatile oil delivery into the mucosa. In comparison to the monolithic formulations, the gel/LIP/volatile oil binary formulation exhibited superior performance in terms of drug delivery capability and pharmacodynamic effects.

Conclusion: This binary preparation displayed the ability to deliver drugs to the nasal mucosa and exhibited positive pharmacodynamic effects in treating OVA-induced rhinitis in mice. As a result, it has the potential to serve as a delivery platform for Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.

Keywords: allergic rhinitis; liposomes; thermosensitive gel; volatile oil of Fructus Xanthii; volatile oil of Magnolia liliiflora.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Scheme 1
Scheme 1
The gel/LIP/volatile oil temperature-sensitive hydrogel steadily delivers volatile oil into the Nasal mucosa.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Transmission Electron Microscopy Characterization (A); FTIR spectrum of Fructus Xanthii and Magnolia liliiflora volatile oil nano-liposomes (B); The particle size distribution diagram of volatile oil LIPs (C); Zeta potential diagram of volatile oil LIPs (D); Volatile oil cumulative release curves from LIPs, the data are shown as the mean ± SD, n = 3 (E); The formulation gel/LIP/volatile at room temperature (a) and at 34 °C (b) (F).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cumulative permeation curve of Fructus Xanthii volatile oil in the nasal mucosa from the LIPs/volatile oil, gel/volatile oil, and binary gel/LIPs/volatile oil formulations (A); Cumulative permeation curve of Magno liliiflora volatile oil in the nasal mucosa from the LIPs/volatile oil, gel/volatile oil and binary gel/LIPs/volatile oil formulations (B); Amount of volatile oil of Fructus Xanthii retained in the nasal mucosa after 48 h of application of the different formulations (C); Amount of volatile oil of Magnolia liliiflora retained in the nasal mucosa after 48 h of application of the different formulations (D).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Nasal symptom score results. Each value represents the mean ± SD of the 6 rats in each group. ##p < 0.01 compared with the control group; **p < 0.01 compared with the allergic rhinitis (AR).
Figure 4
Figure 4
The effects of volatile oil delivered by binary formulations on cytokines in AR mice serum. The contents of IL-4 (A), IL-13 (B), IFN-α (C), TNF-γ (D), IgE (E), and histamine (F) in mice serum were determined by ELISA. Data represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. ##p < 0.01 compared with the control group; *p<0.05, **p<0.01 compared with the AR group.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Histopathological changes in the nasal mucosa of rats were investigated by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining (400×).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Apoptosis of nasal epithelial cells determined by TUNEL staining (400×) (A); Quantitative analysis of the apoptosis mice of nasal epithelial cells. Data represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. ##p<0.01 compared with the control group; **p<0.01 compared with the AR group (B).
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