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. 2023 Nov 16;3(4):mtsi.v3i4.2023.402.
doi: 10.48327/mtsi.v3i4.2023.402. eCollection 2023 Dec 31.

[Failure of poliomyelitis eradication campaign with oral vaccine: there's no vaccination without adherence]

[Article in French]
Bernard Seytre  1
Affiliations

[Failure of poliomyelitis eradication campaign with oral vaccine: there's no vaccination without adherence]

[Article in French]
Bernard Seytre. Med Trop Sante Int. .

Abstract
in English, French

Thirty-five years after its launch, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative has yet to reach its original goal of 2000. Not only is the wild type 1 polio virus still endemic in two countries, but a new outbreak due to viruses derived from the live attenuated virus used for the oral vaccine has been spreading since 2016. The National Immunization Days (NID), during which teams go door-to-door and attract children to be vaccinated, have provoked violent opposition particularly in Northern Nigeria and in the area of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan. In both regions, the same rumor has developed that the vaccine contains sterilizing products, in order to limit the Muslim population. The organizers of the campaign multiplied in vain the NIDs to overcome the resistance, but pockets of insufficiently vaccinated population have persisted. This has allowed the wild virus to remain endemic and the new outbreak of vaccine-derived viruses to progress. We can wonder what the campaign would have become if its organizers had taken the time to reflect and reorient their strategy to rely on the routine vaccination of the Expanded Program on Immunization that does not arouse such opposition.

Trente-cinq ans après son lancement, l'Initiative mondiale pour l’éradication de la poliomyélite n'a toujours pas atteint son but, originellement fixé à l'an 2000. Non seulement le virus sauvage de type 1 de la poliomyélite est toujours endémique dans deux pays, mais une nouvelle épidémie due à des virus dérivés du virus vivant atténué utilisé pour le vaccin oral se propage depuis 2016. Les Journées nationales de vaccination (JNV), au cours desquelles des équipes font du porte-à-porte, tout en vaccinant parfois également dans les rues, ont suscité de violentes oppositions particulièrement dans le nord du Nigéria et dans la zone Inde, Pakistan, Afghanistan. Dans les deux régions, la même rumeur s'est développée selon laquelle le vaccin contiendrait des produits stérilisants, pour limiter la population musulmane. Les organisateurs de la campagne ont multiplié en vain les JNV pensant finir par venir à bout des résistances, mais celles-ci ont laissé des poches de population insuffisamment vaccinée, ce qui a permis au virus sauvage de demeurer endémique et à la nouvelle épidémie de virus dérivés du vaccin de progresser. Nous pouvons nous poser la question de ce que la campagne serait devenue si ses organisateurs avaient pris le temps de la réflexion et réorienté leur stratégie pour s'appuyer sur la vaccination de routine du Programme élargi de vaccination, qui ne suscite pas de telles oppositions.

Keywords: Eradiction; Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV); Oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV); Poliomyelitis; Resistance; Vaccination.

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Conflict of interest statement

L'auteur ne déclare aucun lien d'intérêts.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Pays touchés par le virus sauvage de type 1, ou un cVDPV2, ou les deux. Countries affected by type 1 wild poliovirus, or cVDPV2, or both.
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