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Review
. 2024 Jun;25(6):488-509.
doi: 10.1038/s41580-024-00700-8. Epub 2024 Feb 14.

Mechanisms and functions of protein S-acylation

Francisco S Mesquita  1 , Laurence Abrami  1 , Maurine E Linder  2 , Shernaz X Bamji  3 , Bryan C Dickinson  4 , F Gisou van der Goot  5
Affiliations
Review

Mechanisms and functions of protein S-acylation

Francisco S Mesquita et al. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2024 Jun.

Abstract

Over the past two decades, protein S-acylation (often referred to as S-palmitoylation) has emerged as an important regulator of vital signalling pathways. S-Acylation is a reversible post-translational modification that involves the attachment of a fatty acid to a protein. Maintenance of the equilibrium between protein S-acylation and deacylation has demonstrated profound effects on various cellular processes, including innate immunity, inflammation, glucose metabolism and fat metabolism, as well as on brain and heart function. This Review provides an overview of current understanding of S-acylation and deacylation enzymes, their spatiotemporal regulation by sophisticated multilayered mechanisms, and their influence on protein function, cellular processes and physiological pathways. Furthermore, we examine how disruptions in protein S-acylation are associated with a broad spectrum of diseases from cancer to autoinflammatory disorders and neurological conditions.

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