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. 2024 Feb 7;169(3):41.
doi: 10.1007/s00705-024-05979-8.

Identification and characterization of a marine bacterium extract from Mameliella sp. M20D2D8 with antiviral effects against influenza A and B viruses

Hyo-Jin Kim #  1 , Jun-Gyu Park #  2 , Kyeong-Seo Moon  1   3 , Su-Bin Jung  1   3 , Yong Min Kwon  4 , Nam Seon Kang  4 , Jeong-Hyeon Kim  5 , Sang-Jip Nam  5 , Grace Choi  6 , Yeong-Bin Baek  7 , Sang-Ik Park  8   9
Affiliations

Identification and characterization of a marine bacterium extract from Mameliella sp. M20D2D8 with antiviral effects against influenza A and B viruses

Hyo-Jin Kim et al. Arch Virol. .

Abstract

Despite significant improvements in vaccines and chemotherapeutic drugs, pathogenic RNA viruses continue to have a profound impact on the global economy and pose a serious threat to animal and human health through emerging and re-emerging outbreaks of diseases. To overcome the challenge of viral adaptation and evolution, increased vigilance is required. Particularly, antiviral drugs derived from new, natural sources provide an attractive strategy for controlling problematic viral diseases. In this antiviral study, we discovered a previously unknown bacterium, Mameliella sp. M20D2D8, by conducting an antiviral screening of marine microorganisms. An extract from M20D2D8 exhibited antiviral activity with low cytotoxicity and was found to be effective in vitro against multiple influenza virus strains: A/PR8 (IC50 = 2.93 µg/mL, SI = 294.85), A/Phil82 (IC50 = 1.42 µg/mL, SI = 608.38), and B/Yamagata (IC50 = 1.59 µg/mL, SI = 543.33). The antiviral action was found to occur in the post-entry stages of viral replication and to suppress viral replication by inducing apoptosis in infected cells. Moreover, it efficiently suppressed viral genome replication, protein synthesis, and infectivity in MDCK and A549 cells. Our findings highlight the antiviral capabilities of a novel marine bacterium, which could potentially be useful in the development of drugs for controlling viral diseases.

Keywords: Apoptosis; Broad-spectrum therapeutics; Influenza virus; Mameliella sp.; Marine extract.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Phylogenetic analysis and antiviral screening of bacterial extracts. (A) A neighbor-joining tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showing the phylogenetic relationships of strain M20D2D8 (in bold type) and closely related bacteria. GenBank accession numbers are shown in parentheses. Bootstrap values above 70% are shown at nodes as percentages out of 1000 replicates. Closed and open circles indicate nodes that were obtained using three methods (neighbor-joining, maximum-likelihood, and maximum-parsimony) or two methods, respectively. Bar, 0.01 changes per nucleotide position. (B) Marine bacteria whose extracts were subjected to preliminary antiviral screening. Bar, 0.50 changes per nucleotide position
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Antiviral screening of extracts of six marine bacteria by pre- and post-infection treatment. Antiviral activity was measured as the inhibitory effect on the cytopathic effect (CPE) induced in MDCK cells by influenza virus A/PR8 (MOI = 0.04). CC50 (µg/mL), IC50 (µg/mL), and SI values were calculated using GraphPad Prism 9.5.1. (A) Mameliella sp. M20D2D8, (B) M. lutisalis (strain GH1-19), (C) Tritonibacter scottomollicae (strain R-82852), (D) Thalassobius gelatinovorus (strain IAM 12617), (E) Symphodus mediterraneus (strain CH-B427), (F) Roseovarius gahaiensis (strain GH877), (G) chloroquine
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Antiviral effect of M20D2D8 extract applied to cells after infection with influenza virus A/PR8 (MOI = 0.04). (A) Schematic diagram of the experimental procedure. (B) IC50 and SI of M20D2D8 extract measured by CPE inhibition assay. (C) Viral protein synthesis detected by IFA. (D) Determination of the number of viral genome copies by RT-qPCR. (E) Progeny virus production measured by TCID50. All data are presented as the arithmetic mean ± S.D. from three independent experiments. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001, ****, P < 0.0001
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
(A-B) Flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis after infection with influenza virus A/PR8 (MOI = 1). The levels of apoptosis and viral proteins were measured in dot plots using a TUNEL assay and antibody against IAV NP, respectively. (A) A/PR8-infected, vehicle-treated cells. (B) A/PR8-infected, M20D2D8-extract-treated cells. (C-D) Summary of flow cytometry data. Quantification of TUNEL- (C) and virus-positive cells (D) treated with the vehicle or M20D2D8 extract. All data in the graphs are presented as the arithmetic mean ± S.D. from three independent experiments. *, P < 0.05; ****, P < 0.0001
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
(A-B) Antiviral activity against multiple influenza viruses by post-infection treatment with the M20D2D8 extract. (A) strain A/Phil82. (B) strain B/Yamagata. (C-D) Antiviral activity of M20D2D8 extract (C) and chloroquine (D) in A549 cells
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