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Review
. 2024 Jan 14:16:100440.
doi: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100440. eCollection 2024 Jan.

Virus-like particles (VLPs): A promising platform for combating against Newcastle disease virus

Affiliations
Review

Virus-like particles (VLPs): A promising platform for combating against Newcastle disease virus

Mohammad Sadegh Taghizadeh et al. Vaccine X. .

Abstract

The global poultry industry plays a pivotal role in providing eggs and meat for human consumption. However, outbreaks of viral disease, especially Newcastle virus disease (NDV), within poultry farms have detrimental effects on various zootechnical parameters, such as body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, as well as the quality of egg and meat production. Cases of vaccine failure have been reported in regions where highly pathogenic strains of NDV are prevalent. To tackle this challenge, virus-like particles (VLPs) have emerged as a potential solution. VLPs closely resemble natural viruses, offering biocompatibility and immune-stimulating properties that make them highly promising for therapeutic applications against NDV. Hence, this review emphasizes the significance of NDV and the need for effective treatments. The manuscript will contain several key aspects, starting with an exploration of the structure and properties of NDV. Subsequently, the paper will delve into the characteristics and benefits of VLPs compared to conventional drug delivery systems. A comprehensive analysis of VLPs as potential vaccine candidates targeting NDV will be presented, along with a discussion on strategies for loading cargo into these NDV-targeting VLPs. The review will also examine various expression systems utilized in the production of NDV-targeting VLPs. Additionally, the manuscript will address future prospects and challenges in the field, concluding with recommendations for further research.

Keywords: Cargo delivery; Delivery vehicles; Expression systems; Newcastle virus disease; VLPs; Vaccine.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Ali niazi reports was provided by Shiraz University. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Schematic diagram of the recombinant production process and variety structures of enveloped, non-enveloped, and chimeric VLPs. Image was .
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Schematic presentation of the application of an enveloped VLP in drug delivery. Image was .
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
A visual representation of the strategy involving the fusion of a foreign protein with VLPs for targeted delivery against NDV. The ectodomain of the NDV F protein was substituted with the ectodomain of the AIV H9 protein, resulting in the formation of H9/F. To targeted cargo delivery, the DCpep sequence was fused to the amino terminus of the H9/F protein using a GS-linker. The H9/F protein, along with the NDV HN protein, was co-expressed on the surface of NDV VLPs. Image was .

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