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Review
. 2024 Jan 5;14(2):131.
doi: 10.3390/nano14020131.

Transport of Nanoparticles into Plants and Their Detection Methods

Anca Awal Sembada  1   2 , I Wuled Lenggoro  1
Affiliations
Review

Transport of Nanoparticles into Plants and Their Detection Methods

Anca Awal Sembada et al. Nanomaterials (Basel). .

Abstract

Nanoparticle transport into plants is an evolving field of research with diverse applications in agriculture and biotechnology. This article provides an overview of the challenges and prospects associated with the transport of nanoparticles in plants, focusing on delivery methods and the detection of nanoparticles within plant tissues. Passive and assisted delivery methods, including the use of roots and leaves as introduction sites, are discussed, along with their respective advantages and limitations. The barriers encountered in nanoparticle delivery to plants are highlighted, emphasizing the need for innovative approaches (e.g., the stem as a new recognition site) to optimize transport efficiency. In recent years, research efforts have intensified, leading to an evendeeper understanding of the intricate mechanisms governing the interaction of nanomaterials with plant tissues and cells. Investigations into the uptake pathways and translocation mechanisms within plants have revealed nuanced responses to different types of nanoparticles. Additionally, this article delves into the importance of detection methods for studying nanoparticle localization and quantification within plant tissues. Various techniques are presented as valuable tools for comprehensively understanding nanoparticle-plant interactions. The reliance on multiple detection methods for data validation is emphasized to enhance the reliability of the research findings. The future outlooks of this field are explored, including the potential use of alternative introduction sites, such as stems, and the continued development of nanoparticle formulations that improve adhesion and penetration. By addressing these challenges and fostering multidisciplinary research, the field of nanoparticle transport in plants is poised to make significant contributions to sustainable agriculture and environmental management.

Keywords: assisted delivery; detection strategies; localization; nanoparticle characterization; passive delivery; quantification; vascular bundles.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Nanoparticles used as carriers for nutrient (fertilizer), genetic material, and pesticide delivery into plants.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Assisted delivery techniques for introducing nanoparticles into plants in vitro.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Passive delivery introduction sites for in vivo transport of nanoparticles into plants.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Transmission electron microscopy used to monitor the presence of NPs in plant tissue (adapted from [167]).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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