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Case Reports
. 2023 Dec 16;15(12):e50623.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.50623. eCollection 2023 Dec.

Reviving Spermatogenesis: A Case Report on an Approach to Treat Non-obstructive Azoospermia Using Theophylline, Pentoxifylline, and Hyaluronic Acid

Charu Pareek  1 , Ankit K Badge  2 , Pranita A Bawaskar  1 , Akash More  1 , Nancy Nair  1
Affiliations
Case Reports

Reviving Spermatogenesis: A Case Report on an Approach to Treat Non-obstructive Azoospermia Using Theophylline, Pentoxifylline, and Hyaluronic Acid

Charu Pareek et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

In this report, we present the clinical management of a male patient diagnosed with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), a condition characterized by the absence of sperm in the ejaculate due to impaired spermatogenesis. A 37-year-old patient underwent two surgical procedures: testicular sperm aspiration (TESA) and percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA). Surprisingly, the beta-human chorionic gonadotropins (β-HCG) testing that followed produced promising findings suggesting NOA syndrome may be reversible. Theophylline and pentoxifylline, phosphodiesterase inhibitors with immunomodulatory effects, were creatively used in this case study to increase sperm viability and activation after PESA. Hyaluronic acid was also used as an additional therapy because it is well known for aiding in sperm development and binding to oocytes. The patient underwent hyaluronic acid, which can potentially increase the fertilization rate and improve the selection of sperm. This in-depth case study offers insightful information on the effective management of NOA by combining theophylline, pentoxifylline, and hyaluronic acid. The results highlight the ability of these therapies to revive spermatogenesis, offering a cutting-edge method of treating male infertility. More research is required to clarify the underlying processes and confirm the effectiveness of this strategy in more successful reproductive medicine therapies.

Keywords: azoospermia; hyaluronic acid; non-obstructive; pentoxifylline; theophylline.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Day 5 blastocyst of grade 3 BA embryos selected for ET
3: size of the blastocyst (260 µm), B: inner cellular mass, A: trophectoderm, ET: embryo transfer
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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