Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 Jan;11(1):e2042.
doi: 10.1002/nop2.2042.

Functional fitness and risk factors of older patients with diabetes combined with sarcopenia and/or frailty: A cross-sectional study

Hui Zhang  1   2 , Jinping Wang  1   3 , Jing Xi  1 , Jing Xu  1 , Li Wang  1
Affiliations

Functional fitness and risk factors of older patients with diabetes combined with sarcopenia and/or frailty: A cross-sectional study

Hui Zhang et al. Nurs Open. 2024 Jan.

Abstract

Aim: To learn the functional fitness levels in older adults with diabetes combined with sarcopenia and/or frailty.

Design: A cross-sectional investigation study.

Methods: A total of 205 participants with type 2 diabetes were recruited from September 2019 to August 2020. All patients underwent diagnostic screening for sarcopenia and frailty, and were divided into combined group (the patients who had sarcopenia and/or frailty) and non-combined group (the patient who had no sarcopenia and/or frailty). The diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia applied was proposed by the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia in 2019 and frailty status was assessed using FRAIL Scale. Functional fitness was measured using the Senior Fitness Test and compared between combined and non-combined groups. Biochemical data of blood routine, glycolipid, and hepatorenal function tests were acquired from medical records. Logistic regression analysis was applied to explore the factors associated with the sarcopenia and/or frailty in the older adults with diabetes.

Results: Compared with non-combined group, the participants in combined group exhibited shorter 6-min walk distance, fewer repetitions of arm curls and chair stands, smaller back scratch and chair sit-and-reach values, and longer time in the 8-ft up-and-go test. The patients in the combined group had significantly lower level of red blood cell, haemoglobin, haematocrit, and higher level of platelet and blood urea nitrogen. Apart from calf circumference, physical activity, and insulin injection treatment, 6-min walk distance was the factor associated with diabetes combined with sarcopenia and/or frailty.

Keywords: diabetes; frailty; older adults; sarcopenia; senior fitness test.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Flow chart of participants.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
SFT results in the combined and non‐combined groups. Significantly different compared with the non‐combined group, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. Angulo, J. , El Assar, M. , Álvarez‐Bustos, A. , & Rodríguez‐Mañas, L. (2020). Physical activity and exercise: Strategies to manage frailty. Redox Biology, 35, 101513. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Anno, T. , Mune, T. , Takai, M. , Kimura, T. , Hirukawa, H. , Kawasaki, F. , Okimoto, N. , Kaku, K. , & Kaneto, H. (2019). Decreased plasma aldosterone levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A possible pitfall in diagnosis of primary aldosteronism. Diabetes & Metabolism, 45(4), 399–400. - PubMed
    1. Bai, H. , Sun, J. , Chen, M. , Xie, H. , Xu, D. , Chen, Y. , Zong, M. , & Xiao, F. (2020). Role of calf circumference in the evaluation and diagnosis of sarcopenia in the elderly in Shanghai. Chinese Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 6, 39–43.
    1. Bouchi, R. , Fukuda, T. , Takeuchi, T. , Nakano, Y. , Murakami, M. , Minami, I. , Izumiyama, H. , Hashimoto, K. , Yoshimoto, T. , & Ogawa, Y. (2017). Insulin treatment attenuates decline of muscle mass in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Calcified Tissue International, 101(1), 1–8. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Caspersen, C. , Powell, K. , & Christenson, G. (1985). Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: Definitions and distinctions for health‐related research. Public Health Reports, 100(2), 126–131. - PMC - PubMed