Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Dec 31;16(1):145.
doi: 10.3390/nu16010145.

Effect of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Concentration in Human Milk on Neurodevelopmental Outcome: The Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study

Yoshie Saito  1 , Keigo Sato  2 , Shinji Jinno  2 , Yoshitaka Nakamura  2 , Takahiro Nobukuni  3 , Soichi Ogishima  3   4   5 , Satoshi Mizuno  3 , Seizo Koshiba  3   4   5 , Shinichi Kuriyama  3   4   6 , Kinuko Ohneda  3   4 , Masashi Morifuji  1
Affiliations

Effect of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Concentration in Human Milk on Neurodevelopmental Outcome: The Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study

Yoshie Saito et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

(1) Background: Breast milk is the only source of nutrition for breastfed infants, but few studies have examined the relationship between breast milk micronutrients and infant neurodevelopmental outcome in exclusively breastfed infants. The aim of this study was to characterize the association between nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-related compounds in the breast milk of Japanese subjects and infant neurodevelopmental outcome. (2) Methods: A total of 150 mother-child pairs were randomly selected from the three-generation cohort of the Tohoku Medical Megabank in Japan. Infants were exclusively breastfed for up to 6 months. Breast milk was collected at 1 month postpartum, and the quantity of NAD-related substances in the breast milk was quantified. The mothers also completed developmental questionnaires at 6, 12, and 24 months. The relationship between the concentration of NAD-related substances in breast milk and developmental indicators was evaluated via ordinal logistic regression analysis. (3) Results: Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) was quantified as the major NAD precursor in breast milk. The median amount of NMN in the breast milk was 9.2 μM. The NMN concentration in breast milk was the only NAD-related substance in breast milk that showed a significant positive correlation with neurodevelopmental outcome in infants at 24 months. (4) Conclusions: The results suggest that NMN in human milk may be an important nutrient for early childhood development.

Keywords: breast milk; cohort study; infants; neurodevelopmental outcome; nicotinamide mononucleotide.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Breast milk samples and accompanying data were provided to Meiji Co., Ltd., from Tohoku Medical Megabank. The funder, AMED, had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The workflow of selecting mother–infant pairs from the three-generation cohort study.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Concentrations of NAD-related compounds in breast milk. Each point represents an individual sample (N = 150), and the horizontal bar indicates the median value (NAD, 2.2 μM; NMN, 9.2 μM; NAM, 2.7 μM; NR, 0.8 μM; and NA, 0 μM). NAD: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NMN: nicotinamide mononucleotide. NAM: nicotinamide. NR: nicotinamide riboside. NA: nicotinic acid.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. Schwarzenberg S.J., Georgieff M.K., Daniels S., Corkins M., Golden N.H., Kim J.H., Lindsey C.W., Magge S.N. Advocacy for Improving Nutrition in the First 1000 Days to Support Childhood Development and Adult Health. Pediatrics. 2018;141:e20173716. doi: 10.1542/peds.2017-3716. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Cunha A.J., Leite Á.J., Almeida I.S. The Pediatrician’s Role in the First Thousand Days of the Child: The Pursuit of Healthy Nutrition and Development. J. Pediatr. 2015;91:S44–S51. doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2015.07.002. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Lockyer F., McCann S., Moore S.E. Breast Milk Micronutrients and Infant Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2021;13:3848. doi: 10.3390/nu13113848. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Peluso A., Damgaard M.V., Mori M.A.S., Treebak J.T. Age-Dependent Decline of Nad(+)-Universal Truth or Confounded Consensus? Nutrients. 2021;14:101. doi: 10.3390/nu14010101. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. She J., Sheng R., Qin Z.H. Pharmacology and Potential Implications of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Precursors. Aging Dis. 2021;12:1879–1897. doi: 10.14336/AD.2021.0523. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources