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Review
. 2023 Dec 8;11(12):1828.
doi: 10.3390/vaccines11121828.

Challenges and Opportunities in the Process Development of Chimeric Vaccines

Shivani Chauhan  1 , Yogender Pal Khasa  1
Affiliations
Review

Challenges and Opportunities in the Process Development of Chimeric Vaccines

Shivani Chauhan et al. Vaccines (Basel). .

Abstract

Vaccines are integral to human life to protect them from life-threatening diseases. However, conventional vaccines often suffer limitations like inefficiency, safety concerns, unavailability for non-culturable microbes, and genetic variability among pathogens. Chimeric vaccines combine multiple antigen-encoding genes of similar or different microbial strains to protect against hyper-evolving drug-resistant pathogens. The outbreaks of dreadful diseases have led researchers to develop economical chimeric vaccines that can cater to a large population in a shorter time. The process development begins with computationally aided omics-based approaches to design chimeric vaccines. Furthermore, developing these vaccines requires optimizing upstream and downstream processes for mass production at an industrial scale. Owing to the complex structures and complicated bioprocessing of evolving pathogens, various high-throughput process technologies have come up with added advantages. Recent advancements in high-throughput tools, process analytical technology (PAT), quality-by-design (QbD), design of experiments (DoE), modeling and simulations, single-use technology, and integrated continuous bioprocessing have made scalable production more convenient and economical. The paradigm shift to innovative strategies requires significant attention to deal with major health threats at the global scale. This review outlines the challenges and emerging avenues in the bioprocess development of chimeric vaccines.

Keywords: bioprocess development; chimeric vaccines; heterologous expression; high-throughput technology; virus-like particles.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Development of chimeric vaccines using in silico approach.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic representation of the different stages of chimeric vaccine development.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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