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Review
. 2023 Dec 12;51(1):14.
doi: 10.1007/s11033-023-08931-2.

The role of HIF in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and tumor microenvironment in urological cancers

Shen Lin  1 , Yueyang Chai  2 , Xiangyi Zheng  3 , Xin Xu  4
Affiliations
Review

The role of HIF in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and tumor microenvironment in urological cancers

Shen Lin et al. Mol Biol Rep. .

Abstract

Typically associated with solid tumors, hypoxia contributes to tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis through various molecular mechanisms. Accumulating studies indicate that hypoxia-inducible factor is the key transcription factor coordinating endothelial cells to respond to hypoxia in urological cancers, mainly renal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, and bladder cancer. Moreover, it has been suggested that tumor hypoxia in tumor microenvironment simultaneously recruits stromal cells to suppress immune activities. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which HIF regulates tumorigenesis and elaborates on the associations between HIF and angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and tumor microenvironment in urological cancers.

Keywords: Angiogenesis; HIF; Lymphangiogenesis; Tumor microenvironment; Urological cancers.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Regulation of tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis by HIF-1α
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Schematic overview of HIF-induced angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and immune suppression
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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