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Review
. 2023 Nov 8;24(22):16077.
doi: 10.3390/ijms242216077.

CRISPR/Cas9 Landscape: Current State and Future Perspectives

Marina Tyumentseva  1 , Aleksandr Tyumentsev  1 , Vasiliy Akimkin  1
Affiliations
Review

CRISPR/Cas9 Landscape: Current State and Future Perspectives

Marina Tyumentseva et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 is a unique genome editing tool that can be easily used in a wide range of applications, including functional genomics, transcriptomics, epigenetics, biotechnology, plant engineering, livestock breeding, gene therapy, diagnostics, and so on. This review is focused on the current CRISPR/Cas9 landscape, e.g., on Cas9 variants with improved properties, on Cas9-derived and fusion proteins, on Cas9 delivery methods, on pre-existing immunity against CRISPR/Cas9 proteins, anti-CRISPR proteins, and their possible roles in CRISPR/Cas9 function improvement. Moreover, this review presents a detailed outline of CRISPR/Cas9-based diagnostics and therapeutic approaches. Finally, the review addresses the future expansion of genome editors' toolbox with Cas9 orthologs and other CRISPR/Cas proteins.

Keywords: CRISPR/Cas9; Cas9 orthologs; clinical trials; diagnostics; genome editing; therapeutics.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The number of articles in PubMed® (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/, accessed on 5 September 2023) with search terms “CRISPR Cas9”, “TALEN”, and “zinc finger nuclease”.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The number of genome editing clinical trials mentioned on the CRISPR Medicine News website (https://crisprmedicinenews.com/clinical-trials/, accessed on 5 September 2023).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Delivery approaches for CRISPR/Cas9 therapeutics in clinical trials are mentioned on the CRISPR Medicine News website (https://crisprmedicinenews.com/clinical-trials/, accessed on 5 September 2023).
Figure 4
Figure 4
The number of CRISPR/Cas9 clinical trials mentioned on the CRISPR Medicine News website (https://crisprmedicinenews.com/clinical-trials/, accessed on 5 September 2023).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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