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Review
. 2023 Oct 24;9(11):e21214.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21214. eCollection 2023 Nov.

A bibliometric and thematic analysis of the trends in the research on ginkgo biloba extract from 1985 to 2022

Hong-Jian Ji  1 , Xiao-Hua Zhou  2 , Hong-Yan Wu  3 , Hong-Xia Liu  1 , Guo-Zhe Zhang  1
Affiliations
Review

A bibliometric and thematic analysis of the trends in the research on ginkgo biloba extract from 1985 to 2022

Hong-Jian Ji et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

Background: Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE), a complementary and alternative medicine, has been widely used for disorders such as brain infarction, dementia, and coronary heart disease, in recent decades. Given its widespread clinical use, GBE has always been a vital research topic. However, there are no bibliometric analyses on this topic; furthermore, published reviews of GBE focus only on a specific research field or lack scientific and systematic evaluation. This study combined bibliometrics with thematic reviews by visual analysis to identify the current status of GBE research and to better identify research hotspots and trends in the past 40 years to understand future developments in basic and clinical research.

Methods: Articles and reviews on GBE were retrieved by topic from the Web of Science Core Collection from inception to 2022.12.01. Countries, institutions, authors, journals, references, and keywords in the field were visually analyzed using CiteSpace, Scimago Graphica, and VOSviewer software; then, these visualization results for references and keywords were clarified in detail by thematic reviews in subdivisions of the fields.

Results: In total, 2015 publications were included. The GBE-related literature has high volumes of publications and citations. The majority of literature is from China, and the USA cooperates most closely with other countries. In GBE research, Christen Yves is the most cited author, Phytotherapy Research is the most prolific journal, and the Journal of Ethnopharmacology is the most co-cited journal. Through a comprehensive analysis of keywords, references, and reviews, the quality of the meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials of GBE in treating dementia was evaluated by the Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews scale (ROBIS). Current research on GBE focuses on its pharmacological mechanisms, and neuroprotective application in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, and glaucoma. Randomized controlled trials are the current research hotspot.

Conclusion: Research on GBE is flourishing; using bibliometric and thematic analysis, we identified its hotspots and trends. The pharmacological mechanisms and clinical applications of GBE are the focus of present and likely future research.

Keywords: Bibliometrics; CiteSpace; Ginkgo biloba extract; Thematic analysis; VOSviewer; Web of Science Core Collection.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Resarch flow of literature selection.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Annual output and citation times of publications with GBE from 1999 to 2022.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
A.Distribution of publications according to country region Fig. 3B.Cooperation network among institutions. Note the thickness of the lines between countries institutions indicates the strength of cooperation.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
A.Visualization map of authors citation in GBE research Fig. 4B.VOSviewer visualization map of co-cited authors in GBE research Fig. 4C.VOSviewer visualization map of co-cited author Gurley.bj in GBE research.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Dual map overlay of journals with GBE. Note the citing journals are on the left, and the cited journals are on the right.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Timeline of GBE research references. Note the size of the nodes is positively correlated with the frequency of citation, the curve between nodes represents the citation relationship, the straight line represents duration, the color of the lines and nodes corresponds to the color of the year. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
CiteSpace map of the 20 references of GBE research with the strongest citation bursts.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
A.VOSviewer visualization map of clustered network diagrams of keywords Fig. 8B.An overlay visualization map of the keyword co-occurrence analysis graph Fig. 8C.An overlay visualization map of dementia (1), oxidative stress (2) and NF-κB (3) co-occurrence analysis graph.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
TOP 20 co-occurrenc keywords in three phases of past15 years.
Fig. 10
Fig. 10
Roadmap of the milestone reviews of GBE in different subdivided fields.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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