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Review
. 2023 Oct 20;15(20):4459.
doi: 10.3390/nu15204459.

Health Benefits of Bread Fortification: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials according to the PRISMA Statement

Urszula Kaim  1 , Zuzanna Sabina Goluch  2
Affiliations
Review

Health Benefits of Bread Fortification: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials according to the PRISMA Statement

Urszula Kaim et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

Bread is among the most common foods for the world's population. Therefore, it can be fortified to eliminate deficiencies of nutrients or be a carrier of other substances with a nutritional or physiological effect, bringing health benefits to its consumers, thus impacting sustainable health. This systematic review aimed to analyze clinical studies on the effects of bread fortification on human health. The study followed the PRISMA guidelines for transparency and utilized databases Scopus, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science to search clinical trials focused on the effects of bread fortification on human health over the entire last decade. The methodological quality of selected studies was assessed using the Jadad scale. As a result, twenty-six studies meet the inclusion criteria. Clinical trials have shown health benefits from consuming bread fortified with vitamins (B9, C, D2, D3), minerals (K, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cr, Se), fiber, proteins, and polyphenolic compounds. Conclusions reveal that mandatory fortification aligns with the sustainable development goals. Thus, collaborative partnerships are essential for successful implementation and accessibility, fostering public health advances and progress developing into sustainable health.

Keywords: bread; fortification; health benefits; sustainable development; sustainable health.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PRISMA flow diagram representing the screening strategy and selection process for research articles. Process of selecting eligible studies.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Grants and funding

No external funding. The APC cost was founded by Wrocław University of Economics and Business.