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Review
. 2023 Oct 4:13:1282431.
doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1282431. eCollection 2023.

Review of microbiota gut brain axis and innate immunity in inflammatory and infective diseases

Chongshan Yuan  1   2 , Yuhong He  2 , Kunyu Xie  2 , Lianjun Feng  2 , Shouyang Gao  1 , Lifu Cai  1
Affiliations
Review

Review of microbiota gut brain axis and innate immunity in inflammatory and infective diseases

Chongshan Yuan et al. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. .

Abstract

The microbiota gut brain (MGB) axis has been shown to play a significant role in the regulation of inflammatory and infective diseases. Exploring the structure and communication mode of MGB axis is crucial for understanding its role in diseases, and studying the signaling pathways and regulatory methods of MGB axis regulation in diseases is also of profound significance for future clinical research. This article reviews the composition, communication mechanism of MGB axis and its role in inflammatory and infective diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), depression, psoriasis, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In addition, our investigation delved into the regulatory functions of the inflammasome, IFN-I, NF-κB, and PARK7/DJ-1 innate immune signaling pathway in the context of inflammatory and infective diseases. Ultimately, we discussed the efficacy of various interventions, including fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics, in the management of inflammatory and infective diseases. Understanding the role and mechanism of the MGB axis might make positive effects in the treatment of inflammatory and infective diseases.

Keywords: infective diseases; inflammatory diseases; innate immune; microbiota gut brain axis; pathogenesis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Bidirectional communication of microbial gut brain axis. The brain, gut, and microbiome constitute three nodes in bidirectional communication. Immune system, vagus nerve system, neuroendocrine system, circulatory system and enteric nervous system are the main ways of bidirectional communication.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Main microorganisms and pH in different regions of the gastrointestinal tract.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Role of vagus nerve in communication between central nervous system and microbiota Vagus nerve afferent fibers can sense the stimulation of microbial components through gut endocrine cells (GEC). The Central Autonomous Neural Network (CAN) can transmit signals from vagus nerve afferent fibers to the CNS. The inflammatory response further stimulates efferent fibers. On the contrary, vagus nerve efferent fibers reduce digestive inflammation, reduce intestinal permeability, and indirectly regulate the composition of gut microbiota through tight junction reinforcement.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Potential therapies for inflammation based on gut microbiota. Fecal microbiota transplantation, antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and postbiotics are potential treatment methods for inflammation based on the MGB axis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Publication types

Grants and funding

This research was funded by Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province, grant number 20220101298JC.