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Review
. 2023 Sep 20:18:5365-5376.
doi: 10.2147/IJN.S421342. eCollection 2023.

Application of Single Extracellular Vesicle Analysis Techniques

Junquan Zhu  1 , Feifeng Wu #  1 , Cuifang Li #  1 , Jueyi Mao #  1 , Yang Wang #  1 , Xin Zhou #  1 , Haotian Xie #  1 , Chuan Wen  1
Affiliations
Review

Application of Single Extracellular Vesicle Analysis Techniques

Junquan Zhu et al. Int J Nanomedicine. .

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid containers that are actively released by cells and contain complex molecular cargoes. These cargoes include abundant material such as genomes and proteins from cells of origin. They are involved in intercellular communication and various pathological processes, showing excellent potential for diagnosing and treating diseases. Given the significant heterogeneity of EVs in complex physiopathological processes, unveiling their composition is essential to understanding their function. Bulk detection methods have been previously used to analyze EVs, but they often mask their heterogeneity, leading to the loss of valuable information. To overcome this limitation, single extracellular vesicle (SEV) analysis techniques have been developed and advanced. These techniques allow for analyzing EVs' physical information and biometric molecules at the SEV level. This paper reviews recent advances in SEV detection methods and summarizes some clinical applications for SEV detection strategies.

Keywords: detection methods; disease diagnosis; heterogeneity; new therapies; single extracellular vesicle analysis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest in this work.

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Grants and funding

This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82070758), Hunan Provincial Key R&D Program Project (No. 2020SK2084).