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. 2023 Oct;27(20):3147-3156.
doi: 10.1111/jcmm.17903. Epub 2023 Sep 19.

Selenium in combination with a tomato lipid extract as a therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia and its alterations in rats with induced BPH

David Julian Arias-Chávez  1 , Patrick Mailloux-Salinas  1 , Jessica Ledesma Aparicio  1 , Elihu Campos-Pérez  2   3 , Omar Noel Medina-Campos  4 , José Pedraza-Chaverri  4 , Guadalupe Bravo  1
Affiliations

Selenium in combination with a tomato lipid extract as a therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia and its alterations in rats with induced BPH

David Julian Arias-Chávez et al. J Cell Mol Med. 2023 Oct.

Abstract

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common adenoma in old men. Tomatoes are a rich source of bioactive compounds that, as well as selenium (Se), possess antioxidant and antiproliferative activity. The aim was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Se in combination with a tomato extract in aged rats with BPH. Aged male Wistar rats were divided in the following groups (n = 10 rats/group): Control (C), BPH, BPH + Finasteride (BPH + F), BPH + Tomato Lipidic Extract (BPH + E), BPH + Selenium (BPH + S) and BPH plus E plus S (BPH + E + S). After 4 weeks of treatment, prostate weight, diuresis, antioxidants enzymes, prooxidants and inflammatory markers, growth factors and androgens were determined. BPH + E + S reduced prostate weight by 59.29% and inhibited growth by 99.35% compared to BPH + F which only decreased weight and inhibited growth by 15.31% and 57.54%, respectively. Prooxidant markers were higher with BPH + F (49.4% higher vs. BPH), but BPH + E + S decreased these markers (94.27% vs. BPH) and increased antioxidant activity. Finally, diuresis was higher with the BPH + E + S combination and markers of inflammation and growth factors were significantly lower with respect to BPH + F. Our findings provide a beneficial and protective therapeutic option of E + S directed against androgens, oxidative stress and inflammation that regulates cell proliferation in the prostate gland.

Keywords: PSA; benign prostatic hyperplasia; dihydrotestosterone; finasteride; inflammation; oxidative stress; selenium; testosterone; tomato.

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Conflict of interest statement

There is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Diuresis/water consumption (bladder obstruction). (A) Time course of water consumption. (B) Water consumption at the end of treatments. (C) Time course of diuresis. (D) Diuresis at the end of treatment. C: control; BPH: benign prostatic hyperplasia; F: finasteride; E: tomato lipidic extract; S: selenium. Values represented as mean ± SEM ANOVA one way. Post hoc Tukey. *p < 0.05 versus C. a p < 0.05 versus BPH. b p < 0.05 versus F. n = 10. c p < 0.05 versus E. d p < 0.05 versus S.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Anatomopathological analysis. (A) Photographs of prostate after treatment. (B) Staining of ventral prostate with haematoxylin–eosin. View 10×. (C) Number of glands/field. (D) Epithelial thickness. C: control; BPH: benign prostatic hyperplasia; F: finasteride; E: tomato lipidic extract; S: selenium. Values represented as mean ± SEM ANOVA one way. Post hoc Tukey. *p < 0.05 versus C. a p < 0.05 versus BPH. b p < 0.05 versus F. c p < 0.05 versus E. d p < 0.05 versus S. n = 10. ↓: indicate stroma (S). ★: prostate gland. Scale bars: 200 μm.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Prooxidants and antioxidant enzymes. (A) MDA. (B) NO2−. (C) GPx. (D) SOD. (E) CAT. C: control; BPH: benign prostatic hyperplasia; F: finasteride; E: tomato lipidic extract; S: selenium. MDA: malondialdehyde. NO2−: nitrites. GPx: glutathione peroxidase. SOD: superoxide dismutase. CAT: catalase. Values represented as mean ± SEM ANOVA one way. Post hoc Tukey. *p < 0.05 versus C. a p < 0.05 versus BPH. b p < 0.05 versus F. c p < 0.05 versus E. d p < 0.05 versus S. n = 10.
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