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. 2023 Jul 31;16(1):33.
doi: 10.1186/s12284-023-00648-x.

Genetic Structure and TALome Analysis Highlight a High Level of Diversity in Burkinabe Xanthomonas Oryzae pv. oryzae Populations

A Diallo  1   2 , I Wonni  3 , A Sicard  2 , L Blondin  2 , L Gagnevin  2 , C Vernière  2 , B Szurek  4 , M Hutin  2
Affiliations

Genetic Structure and TALome Analysis Highlight a High Level of Diversity in Burkinabe Xanthomonas Oryzae pv. oryzae Populations

A Diallo et al. Rice (N Y). .

Abstract

Bacterial Leaf Blight of rice (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a major threat for food security in many rice growing countries including Burkina Faso, where the disease was first reported in the 1980's. In line with the intensification of rice cultivation in West-Africa, BLB incidence has been rising for the last 15 years. West-African strains of Xoo differ from their Asian counterparts as they (i) are genetically distant, (ii) belong to new races and, (iii) contain reduced repertoires of Transcription Activator Like (TAL) effector genes. In order to investigate the evolutionary dynamics of Xoo populations in Burkina Faso, 177 strains were collected from 2003 to 2018 in three regions where BLB is occurring. Multilocus VNTR Analysis (MLVA-14) targeting 10 polymorphic loci discriminated 24 haplotypes and showed that Xoo populations were structured according to their geographical localization and year of collection. Considering their major role in Xoo pathogenicity, we assessed the TAL effector repertoires of the 177 strains upon RFLP-based profiling. Surprisingly, an important diversity was revealed with up to eight different RFLP patterns. Finally, comparing neutral vs. tal effector gene diversity allowed to suggest scenarios underlying the evolutionary dynamics of Xoo populations in Burkina Faso, which is key to rationally guide the deployment of durably resistant rice varieties against BLB in the country.

Keywords: Bacterial leaf blight; Genotyping; Microsatellites; Molecular epidemiology; Rice; TALE; Xoo.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Distribution per site and per year of a collection of 177 strains of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae from Burkina Faso
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Minimum spanning tree of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae populations in Burkina Faso by (A) Locations and (B) Years of collection Each haplotype is represented by a circle whose size is correlated to the number of strains it contains. The haplotype number is indicated inside the circles. The number of different loci (distance) between two haplotypes is indicated between the linked haplotypes. Clonal Complex (CC) defined as groups containing only single locus variants are circled in black
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Distribution of the 8 TALome patterns within haplotypes present in 8 fields in Bagré
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Diversity and distribution of TALome patterns across haplotypes of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in Burkina Faso A. The 8 TALome patterns identified in the 177 strains of Xoo assessed and revealed by RFLP. Total genomic DNA of each strain was digested with the enzyme BamH1-HF, which cuts on either side of the central region of TALE repeats B. Projection of TALome patterns of each strain on the minimum spanning tree of the populations of Xoo in Burkina Faso. Each haplotype is represented by a circle whose size is correlated to the number of strains it contains. The haplotype number is indicated inside the circles. The number of different loci (distance) between each haplotype is indicated between the linked hapolypes
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