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. 2023 Jun 28;14(7):342.
doi: 10.3390/jfb14070342.

Modulation of Cell Response through the Covalent Binding of Fibronectin to Titanium Substrates

Parsa Rezvanian  1   2   3 , Aroa Álvarez-López  1   2 , Raquel Tabraue-Rubio  1   4 , Rafael Daza  1   2 , Luis Colchero  4 , Manuel Elices  2 , Gustavo V Guinea  1   2   5   6 , Daniel González-Nieto  1   5   7 , José Pérez-Rigueiro  1   2   4   5   6
Affiliations

Modulation of Cell Response through the Covalent Binding of Fibronectin to Titanium Substrates

Parsa Rezvanian et al. J Funct Biomater. .

Abstract

Titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) substrates were functionalized through the covalent binding of fibronectin, and the effect of the existence of this extracellular matrix protein on the surface of the material was assessed by employing mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) cultures. The functionalization process comprised the usage of the activation vapor silanization (AVS) technique to deposit a thin film with a high surface density of amine groups on the material, followed by the covalent binding of fibronectin to the amine groups using the N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) crosslinking chemistry. The biological effect of the fibronectin on murine MSCs was assessed in vitro. It was found that functionalized samples not only showed enhanced initial cell adhesion compared with bare titanium, but also a three-fold increase in the cell area, reaching values comparable to those found on the polystyrene controls. These results provide compelling evidence of the potential to modulate the response of the organism to an implant through the covalent binding of extracellular matrix proteins on the prosthesis.

Keywords: activated vapor silanization (AVS); biomaterial; fibronectin; functionalization; mesenchymal stem cells (MSC).

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Fluorescence microscopy images of FITC-labeled fibronectin following the classification indicated in Table 1: (a,e) Ti + AVS + C, (b,f) Ti + AVS-C, (c,g) Ti + C, and (d,h) Ti − C samples in two different magnifications. Samples were incubated with an SDS solution before obtaining the micrographs.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Atomic force microscopy images of (a,e) Ti + AVS + C, (b,f) Ti + AVS-C, (c,g) Ti + C, and (d,h) Ti − C samples in two different scan sizes. The images follow the classification indicated in Table 1.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Atomic force microscopy images of (a,c) Ti + AVS + C and (b,d) Ti + AVS-C samples after treatment with SDS in two different scan sizes, and (e) RMS roughness of Ti + AVS + C and Ti + AVS-C samples before and after treatment with SDS. The images follow the classification indicated in Table 1.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Fluorescence microscopy images of calcein/PI-stained BM-MSCs adhering to bare Ti, fibronectin-decorated Ti, and polystyrene control samples at 4 h and 48 h following seeding. Viable cells are stained green, whilst the dead cells appear as red events.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Number of BM-MSCs on bare Ti, fibronectin-decorated Ti, and polystyrene control samples obtained by (a) cell counting from micrographs after 4 and 48 h of seeding and (b) XTT measurement 48 h after seeding. * depicts statistically significant difference.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Fluorescence microscopy images of phalloidin/hoechst-stained BM-MSCs adhering to bare Ti, fibronectin-decorated Ti, and polystyrene control samples 4 h after seeding at two different magnifications.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Cell surface area (a), cell perimeter (b), and cell Feret’s diameter (c) of BM-MSCs adhering to bare Ti, fibronectin-decorated Ti, and polystyrene control samples at 4 h after seeding. * indicates statistically significant difference.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Scheme of the covalent binding of fibronectin to the functionalized titanium substrate, depicting the main cell binding motifs.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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