Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2023 Oct;46(10):2318-2325.
doi: 10.1038/s41440-023-01394-9. Epub 2023 Jul 27.

High blood pressure with elevated resting heart rate: a high risk "Sympathetic" clinical phenotype

Affiliations
Review

High blood pressure with elevated resting heart rate: a high risk "Sympathetic" clinical phenotype

Guido Grassi et al. Hypertens Res. 2023 Oct.

Abstract

Epidemiological studies have unequivocally shown that elevated heart rate values measured at rest have an adverse prognostic impact in the hypertensive patient, being associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events and complications. In recent years new data have been collected on this issue, strengthening the clinical relevance of elevated heart rate as a specific hypertensive phenotype. The present paper will review old and new data on the prognostic importance of resting tachycardia in the hypertensive patient. It will also examine the role of the sympathetic nervous system in the development of this alteration as well as its therapeutic implications. The different approaches to dynamically assess heart rate values in the clinical setting will be finally discussed.

Keywords: Cardiovascular; Events; Heart rate; Hypertension; Sympathetic nervous system.

PubMed Disclaimer

Similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Gillman MW, Kannel WB, Belanger A, D’Agostino RB. Influence of heart rate on mortality among persons with hypertension: the Framingham study. Am Heart J. 1993;125:1148–54. - PubMed - DOI
    1. Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, Agabiti Rosei E, Azizi M, Burnier M, et al. 2018 ESC/ESH guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the task force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2018;39:3021–104. - PubMed - DOI
    1. Mancia G, Kreutz R, Brunström M, Burnier M, Grassi G, Januszewicz A, et al. 2023 ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension Endorsed by the European Renal Association (ERA) and the International Society of Hypertension (ISH). J Hypertens. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000003480 . Online ahead of print.
    1. Grassi G, Vailati S, Bertinieri G, Seravalle G, Stella ML, Dell’Oro R, et al. Heart rate as marker of sympathetic activity. J Hypertens. 1998;16:1635–9. - PubMed - DOI
    1. Cohn JN, Levine TB, Olivari MT, Garberg V, Lura D, Francis GS, et al. Plasma norepinephrine as a guide to prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure. N. Engl J Med. 1984;311:819–23. - PubMed - DOI

LinkOut - more resources