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Review
. 2023 Nov;36(6):1843-1864.
doi: 10.1007/s13577-023-00948-w. Epub 2023 Jul 21.

Chimeric antigen receptor-natural killer cells: a promising sword against insidious tumor cells

Tahereh Hojjatipour  1 , Zahra Sharifzadeh  2 , Amirhosein Maali  2   3 , Mehdi Azad  4
Affiliations
Review

Chimeric antigen receptor-natural killer cells: a promising sword against insidious tumor cells

Tahereh Hojjatipour et al. Hum Cell. 2023 Nov.

Abstract

Natural killer (NK) cells are a critical component of innate immunity, particularly in initial cancer recognition and inhibition of additional tumor growth or metastasis propagation. NK cells recognize transformed cells without prior sensitization via stimulatory receptors and rapidly eradicate them. However, the protective tumor microenvironment facilitates tumor escaping via induction of an exhaustion state in immune cells, including NK cells. Hence, genetic manipulation of NK cells for specific identification of tumor-associated antigens or a more robust response against tumor cells is a promising strategy for NK cells' tumoricidal augmentation. Regarding the remarkable achievement of engineered CAR-T cells in treating hematologic malignancies, there is evolving interest in CAR-NK cell recruitment in cancer immunotherapy. Innate functionality of NK cells, higher safety, superior in vivo maintenance, and the off-the-shelf potential move CAR-NK-based therapy superior to CAR-T cells treatment. In this review, we have comprehensively discussed the recent genetic manipulations of CAR-NK cell manufacturing regarding different domains of CAR constructs and their following delivery systems into diverse sources of NK cells. Then highlight the preclinical and clinical investigations of CAR-NK cells and examine the current challenges and prospects as an optimistic remedy in cancer immunotherapy.

Keywords: Adoptive cellular therapy; CAR-NK cells; Cancer immunotherapy; Chimeric antigen receptors; NK cell.

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