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Review
. 2023 Aug;54(8):2204-2207.
doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.123.043279. Epub 2023 Jul 7.

Remote Ischemic Conditioning: Challenges and Opportunities

Wenbo Zhao  1 , Derek J Hausenloy  2   3   4   5 , David C Hess  6 , Derek M Yellon  2 , Xunming Ji  7   8
Affiliations
Review

Remote Ischemic Conditioning: Challenges and Opportunities

Wenbo Zhao et al. Stroke. 2023 Aug.

Abstract

Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) has been investigated as a promising, safe, and well-tolerated nonpharmacological therapy for cardio-cerebrovascular disease over the past 3 decades; variable results have been found when it is used in cerebrovascular versus cardiovascular disease. For patients with cardiovascular disease, milestone studies suggest that the roles of RIC may be limited. Recently, however, 2 large trials investigating RIC in patients with cerebrovascular disease found promising results, which may reignite the field's research prospects after its setbacks in the cardiovascular field. This perspectives article highlights several important clinical trials of RIC in the cardio-cerebrovascular disease and describes the many challenges of RIC in clinical translation. Finally, based on the available evidence, several promising research directions such as chronic RIC, early initiation in target population, improvement of compliance, better understanding of dosing, and identification of specific biomarkers are proposed and should be investigated before RIC can become applied into clinical practice for patient benefit.

Keywords: cardiovascular disease; ischemic postconditioning; ischemic preconditioning; ischemic stroke; myocardial infarction; reperfusion; stroke.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosures Dr Hess disclosed a patent for use of MAPC in neurological diseases, which has been issued and now is licensed by Athersys, Inc. The other authors report no conflicts.

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