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Review
. 2023 May 23;15(11):2872.
doi: 10.3390/cancers15112872.

Calcium Homeostasis in the Development of Resistant Breast Tumors

Desirée Martin-García  1   2 , Teresa Téllez  1   2   3 , Maximino Redondo  1   2   3   4 , Marilina García-Aranda  2   3   4
Affiliations
Review

Calcium Homeostasis in the Development of Resistant Breast Tumors

Desirée Martin-García et al. Cancers (Basel). .

Abstract

Cancer is one of the main health problems worldwide. Only in 2020, this disease caused more than 19 million new cases and almost 10 million deaths, with breast cancer being the most diagnosed worldwide. Today, despite recent advances in breast cancer treatment, a significant percentage of patients will either not respond to therapy or will eventually experience lethal progressive disease. Recent studies highlighted the involvement of calcium in the proliferation or evasion of apoptosis in breast carcinoma cells. In this review, we provide an overview of intracellular calcium signaling and breast cancer biology. We also discuss the existing knowledge on how altered calcium homeostasis is implicated in breast cancer development, highlighting the potential utility of Ca2+ as a predictive and prognostic biomarker, as well as its potential for the development of new pharmacological treatments to treat the disease.

Keywords: Ca2+ channels; breast cancer; calcium; homeostasis; resistant tumors; targeted therapy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Progression of breast cancer in the different stages according to the traditional TNM staging system. Images were created using Biorender.com.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Ca2+ channels and pumps involved in cell homeostasis. Images were created using Biorender.com.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Conventional electrochemotherapy ((A) intravenous injection, (B) application of electrical pulses and (C) tumor cell death) versus Ca2+ electroporation ((1) application of electrical pulses, (2) supraphysiological calcium doses, (3) calcium transport and (4) tumor cell death). Images were created using Biorender.com.
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Grants and funding

The researcher Marilina García-Aranda is the benefactor of a postdoctoral contract financed by the European Social Fund—Operational Program of Andalusia 2014–2020 for the “Incorporation of Research Personnel with a PhD degree in the field of Health Sciences and Technologies in R&D and Innovation Centers of the Public Health System of Andalusia” (RH-0055-2020). This work was partially supported by grants from the University of Malaga—Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades—Junta de Andalucia (UMA20-FEDERJA-161) and from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI18/01181, PI21/00252) and were cofunded by the European Regional Development fund. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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