Transposable elements in mammalian chromatin organization

doi:10.1038/s41576-023-00609-6

Review

. 2023 Oct;24(10):712-723.

doi: 10.1038/s41576-023-00609-6. Epub 2023 Jun 7.

Transposable elements in mammalian chromatin organization

Heather A Lawson¹, Yonghao Liang^{2

3}, Ting Wang^{4

5

6}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA. lawson@wustl.edu.
² Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
³ Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
⁴ Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA. twang@wustl.edu.
⁵ Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA. twang@wustl.edu.
⁶ McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA. twang@wustl.edu.

PMID: 37286742
DOI: 10.1038/s41576-023-00609-6

Review

Transposable elements in mammalian chromatin organization

Heather A Lawson et al. Nat Rev Genet. 2023 Oct.

. 2023 Oct;24(10):712-723.

doi: 10.1038/s41576-023-00609-6. Epub 2023 Jun 7.

Authors

Heather A Lawson¹, Yonghao Liang^{2

3}, Ting Wang^{4

5

6}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA. lawson@wustl.edu.
² Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
³ Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
⁴ Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA. twang@wustl.edu.
⁵ Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA. twang@wustl.edu.
⁶ McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA. twang@wustl.edu.

PMID: 37286742
DOI: 10.1038/s41576-023-00609-6

Abstract

Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile DNA elements that comprise almost 50% of mammalian genomic sequence. TEs are capable of making additional copies of themselves that integrate into new positions in host genomes. This unique property has had an important impact on mammalian genome evolution and on the regulation of gene expression because TE-derived sequences can function as cis-regulatory elements such as enhancers, promoters and silencers. Now, advances in our ability to identify and characterize TEs have revealed that TE-derived sequences also regulate gene expression by both maintaining and shaping 3D genome architecture. Studies are revealing how TEs contribute raw sequence that can give rise to the structures that shape chromatin organization, and thus gene expression, allowing for species-specific genome innovation and evolutionary novelty.

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References

1. McClintock, B. The origin and behavior of mutable loci in maize. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 36, 344–355 (1950). - PubMed - PMC - DOI
1. Finnegan, D. J. Eukaryotic transposable elements and genome evolution. Trends Genet. 5, 103–107 (1989). - PubMed - DOI
1. Fueyo, R., Judd, J., Feschotte, C. & Wysocka, J. Roles of transposable elements in the regulation of mammalian transcription. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 23, 481–497 (2022). - PubMed - PMC - DOI
1. Sultana, T., Zamborlini, A., Cristofari, G. & Lesage, P. Integration site selection by retroviruses and transposable elements in eukaryotes. Nat. Rev. Genet. 18, 292–308 (2017). - PubMed - DOI
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[1] McClintock, B. The origin and behavior of mutable loci in maize. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 36, 344–355 (1950). - PubMed - PMC - DOI

[2] McClintock, B. The origin and behavior of mutable loci in maize. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 36, 344–355 (1950). - PubMed - PMC - DOI

[3] Finnegan, D. J. Eukaryotic transposable elements and genome evolution. Trends Genet. 5, 103–107 (1989). - PubMed - DOI

[4] Finnegan, D. J. Eukaryotic transposable elements and genome evolution. Trends Genet. 5, 103–107 (1989). - PubMed - DOI

[5] Fueyo, R., Judd, J., Feschotte, C. & Wysocka, J. Roles of transposable elements in the regulation of mammalian transcription. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 23, 481–497 (2022). - PubMed - PMC - DOI

[6] Fueyo, R., Judd, J., Feschotte, C. & Wysocka, J. Roles of transposable elements in the regulation of mammalian transcription. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 23, 481–497 (2022). - PubMed - PMC - DOI

[7] Sultana, T., Zamborlini, A., Cristofari, G. & Lesage, P. Integration site selection by retroviruses and transposable elements in eukaryotes. Nat. Rev. Genet. 18, 292–308 (2017). - PubMed - DOI

[8] Sultana, T., Zamborlini, A., Cristofari, G. & Lesage, P. Integration site selection by retroviruses and transposable elements in eukaryotes. Nat. Rev. Genet. 18, 292–308 (2017). - PubMed - DOI

[9] Cheung, S., Manhas, S. & Measday, V. Retrotransposon targeting to RNA polymerase III-transcribed genes. Mob. DNA https://doi.org/10.1186/s13100-018-0119-2 (2018). - DOI - PubMed - PMC

[10] Cheung, S., Manhas, S. & Measday, V. Retrotransposon targeting to RNA polymerase III-transcribed genes. Mob. DNA https://doi.org/10.1186/s13100-018-0119-2 (2018). - DOI - PubMed - PMC

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Transposable elements in mammalian chromatin organization

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Transposable elements in mammalian chromatin organization

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