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Review
. 2023 Jul;25(7):641-648.
doi: 10.1007/s11886-023-01888-5. Epub 2023 Jun 3.

The Role of MicroRNA in the Myocarditis: a Small Actor for a Great Role

Cristina Chimenti  1 , Michele Magnocavallo  2 , Giampaolo Vetta  3 , Maria Alfarano  4 , Giulia Manguso  4 , Francesco Ajmone  4 , Federico Ballatore  4 , Jacopo Costantino  4 , Piera Ciaramella  4 , Paolo Severino  4 , Fabio Miraldi  4 , Carlo Lavalle  4 , Carmine Dario Vizza  4
Affiliations
Review

The Role of MicroRNA in the Myocarditis: a Small Actor for a Great Role

Cristina Chimenti et al. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2023 Jul.

Abstract

Purpose of review: Myocarditis is an inflammation of the myocardium secondary to a variety of agents such as infectious pathogens, toxins, drugs, and autoimmune disorders. In our review, we provide an overview of miRNA biogenesis and their role in the etiology and pathogenesis of myocarditis, evaluating future directions for myocarditis management.

Recent findings: Advances in genetic manipulation techniques allowed to demonstrate the important role of RNA fragments, especially microRNAs (miRNAs), in cardiovascular pathogenesis. miRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate the post-transcriptional gene expression. Advances in molecular techniques allowed to identify miRNA's role in pathogenesis of myocarditis. miRNAs are related to viral infection, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, making them not only promising diagnostic markers but also prognostics and therapeutic targets in myocarditis. Of course, further real-world studies will be needed to assess the diagnostic accuracy and applicability of miRNA in the myocarditis diagnosis.

Keywords: Diagnosis; Experimental myocarditis; MicroRNA; Myocarditis; Pathogenesis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
MiRNA biogenesis pathway. AGO2, argonaute 2; miRNA, microRNA; pri-miRNA, primary microRNA
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
miRNAs involved in myocarditis and their targets. Col1A1, collagen 1A1; CVB3, Coxsackievirus B3; Cx43, connexin 43; miRNA, microRNA; NFIL3, nuclear factor interleukin-3; NLRP3, pyrin domain-containing-3; SPRED1, sprouty-related EVH1 domain containing 1; Spry1, sprouty-1; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-β1; TGF-βRII, transforming growth factor-β receptor type II; ZFP-148, zinc finger protein-148
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Single-center model and inter-hospital network model with reference center for microRNA analysis
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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