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. 2023 Apr 14:14:1131735.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1131735. eCollection 2023.

Responses of differential metabolites and pathways to high temperature in cucumber anther

Lin Chen  1   2 , Zhaojun Liang  1   2 , Shuyan Xie  1   2 , Wenrui Liu  1   2 , Min Wang  1   2 , Jinqiang Yan  1   2 , Songguang Yang  1   2 , Biao Jiang  1   2 , Qingwu Peng  1   2 , Yu'e Lin  1   2
Affiliations

Responses of differential metabolites and pathways to high temperature in cucumber anther

Lin Chen et al. Front Plant Sci. .

Abstract

Cucumber is one of the most important vegetable crops, which is widely planted all over the world. Cucumber always suffers from high-temperature stress in South China in summer. In this study, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis was used to study the differential metabolites of cucumber anther between high-temperature (HT) stress and normal condition (CK). After HT, the pollen fertility was significantly reduced, and abnormal anther structures were observed by the paraffin section. In addition, the metabolomics analysis results showed that a total of 125 differential metabolites were identified after HT, consisting of 99 significantly upregulated and 26 significantly downregulated metabolites. Among these differential metabolites, a total of 26 related metabolic pathways were found, and four pathways showed significant differences, namely, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism; plant hormone signal transduction; amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism; and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism. In addition, pollen fertility was decreased by altering the metabolites of plant hormone signal transduction and amino acid and sugar metabolism pathway under HT. These results provide a comprehensive understanding of the metabolic changes in cucumber anther under HT.

Keywords: cucumber; high temperature stress; metabolomics; pollen fertility; starch and sucrose metabolism.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Pollen fertility of normal condition and high-temperature stress. (A) Pollen fertility of normal condition; (B) pollen fertility of high-temperature stress; (C) pollen fertility. Bar = 100 μm.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The cross-section analysis of mature anther. (A, B) Anther cross sections of the mature stage in normal condition; (C, D) the cross-sections of mature anther with high-temperature stress. Bar = 50 μm.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Differential metabolites in high-temperature stress compared with the normal condition at mature anther stages. (A) Number of up- and downregulated metabolites in high-temperature stress compared with normal condition. (B) Expression patterns of differential metabolites in high-temperature stress compared with normal condition.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses of differential metabolites between normal condition and high-temperature stress. (A) KEGG enrichment of annotated metabolites from normal condition and high-temperature stress. The y-axis indicates the KEGG pathway and the x-axis indicates the enrichment factor. (B) Significant difference in KEGG pathway enrichment.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The main KEGG pathway responses to high-temperature stress. Red indicates upregulation, green indicates downregulation, and black indicates no difference. Solid and dashed lines indicate single- and multistep reactions, respectively.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Predicted phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways under high-temperature stress. PAL, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; 4CL, 4-coumarate-CoA ligase; BGLU, beta-glucosidase; PER, peroxidase.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Predicted carbohydrate metabolism pathways under high-temperature stress. SPP, sucrose-6-phosphatase; INV, invertase; SUS, sucrose synthase; SPS, sucrose-phosphate synthase; G6PC, glucose-6-phosphatase; SCRK, fructokinase; GPI, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase; EP, ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase; glgC, glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase; SS, starch synthase; GBE1, glucan branching enzyme; CH, cellulose synthase; EG, endoglucanase; BG, beta-glucosidase.
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Grants and funding

This work was supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2022A1515011894), Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (2020B020220001, 2022B0202110003), National Science Foundation of China (32202477), Agricultural Competitive Industry Discipline Team Building Project of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (202103TD), Special Fund for Scientific Innovation Strategy-Construction of High Level Academy of Agriculture Science (R2019YJ-YB3004), and Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning Project (202102020503).