Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2022 Oct 31;77(5):1539-1551.
doi: 10.22092/ARI.2021.356596.1875. eCollection 2022 Oct.

Porphyromonas Gingivalis in the Development of Periodontitis: Impact on Dysbiosis and Inflammation

Affiliations
Review

Porphyromonas Gingivalis in the Development of Periodontitis: Impact on Dysbiosis and Inflammation

A Gasmi Benahmed et al. Arch Razi Inst. .

Abstract

Chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the dental plaque and affects the soft tissues supporting the tooth. It is one of the most practical oral health issues across the globe and adversely affects the quality of life. In a neutrophil-mediated action, the inflammatory response to periodontitis destroys the periodontal ligaments, gums, the alveolar bone, and the cementum. Some of the most associated invasive pathogens with periodontitis are Porphyromonas Gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetecomitans, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Google Scholar and PubMed were used to search the evidence using key terms like 'periodontitis,' 'Porphyromonas Gingivalis,' 'Oral Dysbiosis and Periodontitis,' 'Porphyromonas Gingivalis and Periodontitis,' etc. Only studies were included reviewing the Porphyromonas Gingivalis and its role in periodontitis. It has been observed from several oral pathogens that P. gingivalis has received immense attention due to a strong association between Porphyromonas Gingivalis and periodontal disease. Porphyromonas Gingivalis also disrupts the delicate balance between various members of the oral microbial communities and promotes oral dysbiosis. The dysbiotic state of the oral microbiome is distinct in functional capabilities and shows a higher expression of genes involved in lipopolysaccharide synthesis, energy regulation, and bacterial motility. Certain virulence factors such as gingipains, LPS, and fimbriae also increase the invasion and pathogenicity of Porphyromonas Gingivalis. Its presence in the periodontal tissues increases the secretion of numerous pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-1β, leading to the destruction of soft gingival tissues and ligaments. Early detection of periodontitis and immediate treatment can prevent soft tissue destruction and dentition loss. In conclusion, details about the oral microbiome, oral dysbiosis, and inflammation may offer new therapeutic options in the future, including a personalized approach and the use of combination therapy.

Keywords: Oral Dysbiosis; Oral microbiota; Periodontitis; Periodontitis Treatment; Porphyromonas Gingivalis.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Vos T, Abajobir AA, Abate KH, Abbafati C, Abbas KM, Abd-Allah F, et al. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet. 2017;390(10100):1211–59. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Nazir M, Al-Ansari A, Al-Khalifa K, Alhareky M, Gaffar B, Almas K. Global prevalence of periodontal disease and lack of its surveillance. Sci World J. 2020;2020 - PMC - PubMed
    1. Rafiei M, Kiani F, Sayehmiri F, Sayehmiri K, Sheikhi A, Azodi MZ. Study of Porphyromonas gingivalis in periodontal diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2017;31:62. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Nazir MA. Prevalence of periodontal disease, its association with systemic diseases and prevention. Int J Health Sci. 2017;11(2):72. - PMC - PubMed
    1. International. JOD. Retracted: Risk Factors of Periodontal Disease: Review of the Literature. Int J Dent. 2021;2021 - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources