Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Apr 12;16(4):582.
doi: 10.3390/ph16040582.

In Vitro and In Vivo Functional Viability, and Biocompatibility Evaluation of Bovine Serum Albumin-Ingrained Microemulsion: A Model Based on Sesame Oil as the Payload for Developing an Efficient Drug Delivery Platform

Atiaf Rhyaf  1 , Hala Naji  1 , Hassan Al-Karagoly  2 , Salim Albukhaty  3   4 , Ghassan M Sulaiman  5 , Abdulaziz Arif A Alshammari  6 , Hamdoon A Mohammed  6   7 , Majid Jabir  5 , Riaz A Khan  6
Affiliations

In Vitro and In Vivo Functional Viability, and Biocompatibility Evaluation of Bovine Serum Albumin-Ingrained Microemulsion: A Model Based on Sesame Oil as the Payload for Developing an Efficient Drug Delivery Platform

Atiaf Rhyaf et al. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). .

Abstract

Combination of bovine serum albumin with microemulsions as constituting ingredient biopolymer has long been regarded an innovative method to address the surface functionalization and stability issues in the targeted payload deliveries, thereupon producing effectively modified microemulsions, which are superior in loading capacity, transitional and shelf-stability, as well as site-directed/site-preferred delivery, has become a favored option. The current study aimed to develop an efficient, suitable and functional microemulsion system encapsulating sesame oil (SO) as a model payload towards developing an efficient delivery platform. UV-VIS, FT-IR, and FE-SEM were used to characterize, and analyze the developed carrier. Physicochemical properties assessments of the microemulsion by dynamic light scattering size distributions, zeta-potential, and electron micrographic analyses were performed. The mechanical properties for rheological behavior were also studied. The HFF-2 cell line and hemolysis assays were conducted to ascertain the cell viability, and in vitro biocompatibility. The in vivo toxicity was determined based on a predicted median lethal dose (LD50) model, wherein the liver enzymes' functions were also tested to assess and confirm the predicted toxicity.

Keywords: LD50; biocompatibility; biological marker; bovine serum albumin; cytotoxicity; drug delivery; functional viability; hepatic functions; liver biomarkers; microemulsion; nanomedicine; nanoparticles; sesame oil; toxicity.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A depiction of the experimental research design and steps during the study.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Photographed MEs, wherein formulation numbers 17, 19, and 20 are transparent.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(A) FT-IR spectra of ME, free BSA, and ME@BSA, and (B) UV-Vis spectroscopy of the prepared microemulsion systems, ME and ME@BSA.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(A) DLS-based size distributions for the ME and ME@BSA; (B) ζ-potential of ME and ME@BSA; (C) electron micrograph (FE-SEM) showing the ME formulation, and (D) FE-SEM micrograph of the formulation ME@BSA.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Rheological behaviors (A,B) of ME and ME@BSA; (C) Stability curves of ME and ME@BSA; **** meant significant effect at p < 0.0001, and, “ns” indicated no significant effect.
Figure 6
Figure 6
(A) Percentage of hemolysis induced by ME and ME@BSA at various concentrations and 37 °C temperature condition; (B) cell viabilities of the ME and ME@BSA on the HFF-2 cell lines. Data are represented as mean ± SD (n = 3) (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and **** p < 0.0001), and are considered as having significant, or no significant differences, respectively.
Figure 7
Figure 7
(A) Determination of LD 50 by administering increasing doses of ME@BSA, (B) Determination of the effect of ME and ME@BSA on the levels of AST, ALT, and ALP enzymes. * p < 0.05, and ** p < 0.01 were considered as significant.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Butt U., ElShaer A., Snyder L.A.S., Al-Kinani A.A., Le Gresley A., Alany R.G. Fatty Acid Based Microemulsions to Combat Ophthalmia Neonatorum Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Staphylococcus aureus. Nanomaterials. 2018;8:51. doi: 10.3390/nano8010051. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Neto A.O.W., da Silva V.L., Rodrigues D.V., Ribeiro L.S., da Silva D.N.N., Freitas J.C.D.O. A novel oil-in-water microemulsion as a cementation flushing fluid for removing non-aqueous filter cake. J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 2020;184:106536. doi: 10.1016/j.petrol.2019.106536. - DOI
    1. Dantas T.N.C., Santanna V.C., Souza T.T.C., Lucas C.R.S., Dantas Neto A.A., Aum P.T.P. Microemulsios and Nanoemulsions Applied to Well Stimulation and Enhanced Oil Recovery. Brazil. J. Petrol. Gas. 2018;12:251–265. doi: 10.5419/bjpg2018-0023. - DOI
    1. Mohammed H.A., Khan R.A., Singh V., Yusuf M., Akhtar N., Sulaiman G.M., Albukhaty S., Abdellatif A.A.H., Khan M., Mohammed S.A.A., et al. Solid lipid nanoparticles for targeted natural and synthetic drugs delivery in high-incidence cancers, and other diseases: Roles of preparation methods, lipid composition, transitional stability, and release profiles in nanocarriers’ development. Nanotechnol. Rev. 2023;12:20220517. doi: 10.1515/ntrev-2022-0517. - DOI
    1. Jabir M.S., Rashid T.M., Nayef U.M., Albukhaty S., AlMalki F.A., Albaqami J., AlYamani A.A., Taqi Z.J., Sulaiman G.M. Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus α-hemolysin production using nanocurcumin capped Au@ZnO nanocomposite. Bioinorg. Chem. Appl. 2022;2022:2663812. doi: 10.1155/2022/2663812. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Grants and funding

This research received no internal and external funding.