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. 2023 Jan 23;24(3):2267.
doi: 10.3390/ijms24032267.

Cell-Molecular Interactions of Nano- and Microparticles in Dental Implantology

Varvara Labis  1 , Ernest Bazikyan  1 , Denis Demin  2 , Irina Dyachkova  3 , Denis Zolotov  3 , Alexey Volkov  4   5 , Victor Asadchikov  3 , Olga Zhigalina  3   6 , Dmitry Khmelenin  3 , Daria Kuptsova  7 , Svetlana Petrichuk  7 , Elena Semikina  7 , Svetlana Sizova  8 , Vladimir Oleinikov  8 , Sergey Khaidukov  8 , Ivan Kozlov  9
Affiliations

Cell-Molecular Interactions of Nano- and Microparticles in Dental Implantology

Varvara Labis et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

The role of metallic nano- and microparticles in the development of inflammation has not yet been investigated. Soft tissue biopsy specimens of the bone bed taken during surgical revisions, as well as supernatants obtained from the surface of the orthopedic structures and dental implants (control), were examined. Investigations were performed using X-ray microtomography, X-ray fluorescence analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Histological studies of the bone bed tissues were performed. Nanoscale and microscale metallic particles were identified as participants in the inflammatory process in tissues. Supernatants containing nanoscale particles were obtained from the surfaces of 20 units of new dental implants. Early and late apoptosis and necrosis of immunocompetent cells after co-culture and induction by lipopolysaccharide and human venous blood serum were studied in an experiment with staging on the THP-1 (human monocytic) cell line using visualizing cytometry. As a result, it was found that nano- and microparticles emitted from the surface of the oxide layer of medical devices impregnated soft tissue biopsy specimens. By using different methods to analyze the cell-molecule interactions of nano- and microparticles both from a clinical perspective and an experimental research perspective, the possibility of forming a chronic immunopathological endogenous inflammatory process with an autoimmune component in the tissues was revealed.

Keywords: X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF); X-ray microtomography (XMCT); cytometry; dental implants; histological studies; immunopathological inflammation; microscale particles; scanning electron microscopy (SEM); soft tissue biopsy specimens; supernatants with nanoscale metallic particles (NSMP).

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Results of three-dimensional reconstruction of biopsy specimens: (a,c,e,g) Original images of tissues with foreign inclusions; (b,d,f,h) resulting projections of foreign inclusions after segmentation procedure; (i,j) control specimen.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Results of three-dimensional reconstruction of biopsy specimens: (a,c,e,g) Original images of tissues with foreign inclusions; (b,d,f,h) resulting projections of foreign inclusions after segmentation procedure; (i,j) control specimen.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Spectra of samples elemental composition measurements by XRF: (1, 2, 3, 4) Bone bed zones in the area of four spontaneously disintegrated dental implants; (5) Control.
Figure 3
Figure 3
SEM images of the implant surface: (a) General view; (b) enlarged fragment; (c) general ED spectrum from the dark area; (d) enlarged section of ED spectrum from the dark area; (e) general ED spectrum from the light area.
Figure 3
Figure 3
SEM images of the implant surface: (a) General view; (b) enlarged fragment; (c) general ED spectrum from the dark area; (d) enlarged section of ED spectrum from the dark area; (e) general ED spectrum from the light area.
Figure 4
Figure 4
SEM images of the abutment surface: (a) General view; (b) ED spectrum from the light area; (c) ED spectrum from the dark area.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Results of histological study of biopsy specimens from the patient’s bone bed (Mallory staining): (1) Bone tissue; (2) Granulation tissue at different stages of maturation; (3) Maturing dense fibrous connective tissue; (4) Foreign particles.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Live cells (a), early apoptosis (b), late apoptosis (c), necrosis (d) after co-culture of Nobel Replace NSMP with THP-1 cell line (Nobel Replace NSMP + DSP + THP-1).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Live cells (a), early apoptosis (b), late apoptosis (c), necrosis (d) after co-culture of Nobel Replace NSMP with THP-1 cell line (Nobel Replace NSMP + LPS + THP-1).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Live cells (a), early apoptosis (b), late apoptosis (c), necrosis (d) after co-culture of Nobel Replace NSMP with THP-1 cell line (Nobel Replace NSMP + DSP + LPS +THP-1).
Figure 9
Figure 9
Live cells (a), early apoptosis (b), late apoptosis (c), necrosis (d) after co-culture of Nobel Replace NSMP with THP-1 cell line (Nobel Replace NSMP +THP-1).
Figure 10
Figure 10
Live cells (a), early apoptosis (b), late apoptosis (c), necrosis (d) after co-culture of Alpha Bio NSMP with THP-1 cell line (Alpha Bio NSMP + DSP + THP-1).
Figure 11
Figure 11
Live cells (a), early apoptosis (b), late apoptosis (c), necrosis (d) after co-culture of Alpha Bio NSMP with THP-1 cell line (Alpha Bio NSMP + LPS + THP-1).
Figure 12
Figure 12
Live cells (a), early apoptosis (b), late apoptosis (c), necrosis (d) after co-culture of Alpha Bio NSMP with THP-1 cell line (Alpha Bio NSMP + DSP + LPS +THP-1).
Figure 13
Figure 13
Live cells (a), early apoptosis (b), late apoptosis (c), necrosis (d) after co-culture of Alpha Bio NSMP with THP-1 cell line (Alpha Bio NSMP +THP-1).
Figure 14
Figure 14
Live cells (a), early apoptosis (b), late apoptosis (c), necrosis (d) after co-culture of THP-1 cell line with healthy donor serum without previous dental implantation (HDS + THP-1).
Figure 15
Figure 15
Live cells (a), late apoptosis (b), necrosis (c) after co-culture of THP-1 cell line with Nobel Replace NSMP induced by lipopolysaccharide (Nobel Replace NSMP + HDS + LPS + THP-1).
Figure 16
Figure 16
Live cells (a), early apoptosis (b), late apoptosis (c), necrosis (d) after co-culture of THP-1 cell line with Nobel Replace NSMP (Nobel Replace NSMP + THP-1+ HDS).
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