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Review
. 2023 Jun;68(3):325-335.
doi: 10.1007/s12223-023-01036-0. Epub 2023 Jan 21.

Immune dysregulation and pathogenic pathways mediated by common infections in rheumatoid arthritis

Shima Salehi  1 , Seyedeh Mahsa Mahmoudinezhad Dezfouli  2 , Hossein Azadeh  3 , Shaqayeq Khosravi  4
Affiliations
Review

Immune dysregulation and pathogenic pathways mediated by common infections in rheumatoid arthritis

Shima Salehi et al. Folia Microbiol (Praha). 2023 Jun.

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the world's most prevalent inflammatory autoimmune diseases, affecting between 0.4 and 1.3% of the population. The susceptibility to RA appears to be influenced by a complex interaction between a favorable genetic background and the existence of a specific immune reaction against a wide range of environmental variables. Among the known environmental variables, infections are believed to have a significant role in promoting the formation of autoimmune disorders, which are frequently caused by specific microorganisms. Infections have been linked to RA in recent medical studies. In this study, we selected the most prevalent infections associated with RA from the literature and described the data confirming their pathogenic role in RA. Our investigation included Mycobacterium, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Proteus mirabilis, Epstein-Barr virus, parvovirus, and Prevotella copri.

Keywords: Infections; Microbes; Rheumatoid arthritis; Viruses.

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