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. 2023 Jan 12;21(1):15593258231152112.
doi: 10.1177/15593258231152112. eCollection 2023 Jan-Mar.

Evaluation of Caralluma edulis for its Potential Against Obesity, Atherosclerosis and Hypertension

Adnan Akram  1   2 , Ayesha Jamshed  1 , Mariya Anwaar  1 , Hafiz Muhammad Farhan Rasheed  1   2 , Syed Ihtisham Haider  1 , Naveed Aslam  2 , Qaiser Jabeen  1
Affiliations

Evaluation of Caralluma edulis for its Potential Against Obesity, Atherosclerosis and Hypertension

Adnan Akram et al. Dose Response. .

Abstract

Obesity, a chronic metabolic condition, is an increase in fat mass and blood lipid levels mainly causing atherosclerosis and hypertension, which further lead to cardiovascular complications. The objective of the study was to investigate the crude extract of Caralluma edulis (CE.Cr) for its potential against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and its related complications. Hyperlipidemia was induced in Wistar albino rats with HFD (1% cholesterol + 0.5% cholic acid) for 28 days. Treatment groups were administered with different doses of CE.Cr (100, 300 and 500 mg/Kg, p.o.) and the standard group received atorvastatin. At the end of study, sera were analyzed for biochemical markers and the aorta was dissected for microscopic examination. Antioxidant potential was evaluated and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed. The hypotensive potential of CE.Cr was evaluated through an invasive technique. HPLC analysis of CE.Cr showed the presence of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, apigenin and naringenin. Histological examination of the aorta section showed anti-atherosclerotic effects which were also evident from decrease in serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins levels. CE.Cr decreased mean arterial blood pressure and evoked significant hypotensive effects. The crude extract of C. edulis showed anti-obesity, antihypertensive, anti-atherosclerotic and antioxidant potential.

Keywords: Caralluma edulis; atherosclerosis; high-fat diet; hyperlipidemia; hypertension; obesity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
HPLC chromatogram of (A) CE.Cr and (B) Standard phytochemical constituents.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
The effects of CE.Cr and ascorbic acid, the standard antioxidant, on DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The values are expressed as Mean ± SEM of three observations (n = 3).
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
The effects of CE.Cr and atorvastatin on change in body weight (g) of albino rats during 28 days of HFD-induced hypercholesterolemia model. Values are expressed as Mean ± SEM of six animals in each group (n = 6).
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
The effects of CE.Cr and atorvastatin on percent change in body weight in albino rats during 28 days of HFD-induced hypercholesterolemia model. The values are expressed as Mean ± SEM of six animals in each group and the results are statistically analyzed using one way ANOVA, followed by Tukey–Kramer’s test. The results of treatment groups are compared with positive control group, and are considered non-significant (ns) if P > 0.05, significant (*) if P < 0.05, more significant (**) if P < 0.01 and highly significant (***) if P < 0.001. The results of positive control group are also compared with the normal control group and considered highly significant (###) if P < .001.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Effects of CE.Cr and atorvastatin on serum total Cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) levels in albino rats during 28 days of HFD-induced hypercholesterolemia model. The values are expressed as Mean ± SEM of six animals in each group and the results are statistically analyzed using one way ANOVA followed by Tukey–Kramer’s test. The results of treatment groups are compared with positive control group and are considered non-significant (ns) if P > .05, significant (*) if P < .05, more significant (**) if P < .01 and highly significant (***) if P < .001. The results of positive control group are also compared with the normal control group and considered highly significant (###) if P < .001.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
The effects of CE.Cr on blood pressure of anesthetized rat using invasive technique and arrows indicate the time of administration of different doses.
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
The effects CE.Cr and atorvastatin on the histological parameters of aorta cross section of albino rats, observed under polarized light microscope (100×) in HFD-induced hypercholesterolemia model; (A) Normal control, (B) Positive control, (C) Standard control, CE.Cr; (D) 100 mg/kg, (E) 300 mg/kg and (F) 500 mg/kg. The images are of one representative animal from each group and the arrows (→) show presence of foam cells.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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