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Review
. 2023 Jan:241:154241.
doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154241. Epub 2022 Nov 24.

Recent progress in cancer immunotherapy: Overview of current status and challenges

Mohammad Darvishi  1 , Foad Tosan  2 , Pooria Nakhaei  3 , Danial Amiri Manjili  4 , Sahar Afzali Kharkouei  5 , Ali Alizadeh  6 , Saba Ilkhani  7 , Farima Khalafi  8 , Firoozeh Abolhasani Zadeh  9 , Seyyed-Ghavam Shafagh  10
Affiliations
Review

Recent progress in cancer immunotherapy: Overview of current status and challenges

Mohammad Darvishi et al. Pathol Res Pract. 2023 Jan.

Abstract

Cancer treatment is presently one of the most important challenges in medical science. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or combining these methods is used to eliminate the tumor. Hormone therapy, bone marrow transplantation, stem cell therapy as well as immunotherapy are other well-known therapeutic modalities. Immunotherapy, as the most important complementary method, uses the immune system for treating cancer followed by surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. This method is systematically used to prevent malignancies development mainly via potentiating antitumor immune cells activation and conversely compromising their exhaustion with the lowest negative effects on healthy cells. Active immunotherapy can be employed for cancer immunotherapy by directly using the ingredients of the immune system and activating immune responses. On the other hand, inactive immunotherapy is utilized by indirect induction and using immune cell-based products consisting of monoclonal antibodies. It has strongly been proved that combination therapy with immunotherapies and other therapeutic means, such as anti-angiogenic agents, could be a rational plan to treat cancer. Herein, we have focused on recent findings concerning the therapeutic merits of cancer therapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), adoptive cell transfer (ACT) and cancer vaccine alone or in combination with other approaches. Also, we offer a glimpse into the current challenges in this context.

Keywords: Cancer immunotherapy; Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR); Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte; Myeloid-derived suppressor cells; Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests There is no conflict of interests.

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