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Review
. 2022 Dec 21;14(1):182.
doi: 10.1186/s13148-022-01402-8.

NAA60 (HAT4): the newly discovered bi-functional Golgi member of the acetyltransferase family

Federica Donnarumma  1 , Valeria Tucci  1   2 , Concetta Ambrosino  1   3 , Lucia Altucci  4   5 , Vincenzo Carafa  6
Affiliations
Review

NAA60 (HAT4): the newly discovered bi-functional Golgi member of the acetyltransferase family

Federica Donnarumma et al. Clin Epigenetics. .

Abstract

Chromatin structural organization, gene expression and proteostasis are intricately regulated in a wide range of biological processes, both physiological and pathological. Protein acetylation, a major post-translational modification, is tightly involved in interconnected biological networks, modulating the activation of gene transcription and protein action in cells. A very large number of studies describe the pivotal role of the so-called acetylome (accounting for more than 80% of the human proteome) in orchestrating different pathways in response to stimuli and triggering severe diseases, including cancer. NAA60/NatF (N-terminal acetyltransferase F), also named HAT4 (histone acetyltransferase type B protein 4), is a newly discovered acetyltransferase in humans modifying N-termini of transmembrane proteins starting with M-K/M-A/M-V/M-M residues and is also thought to modify lysine residues of histone H4. Because of its enzymatic features and unusual cell localization on the Golgi membrane, NAA60 is an intriguing acetyltransferase that warrants biochemical and clinical investigation. Although it is still poorly studied, this review summarizes current findings concerning the structural hallmarks and biological role of this novel targetable epigenetic enzyme.

Keywords: Cancer; Epigenetics; Golgi; HAT4; Histone acetyltransferases; NAA60; NAT; NAT15; NatF; Protein acetylation; Protein post-translational modification.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
HAT/KAT and NAT enzymatic action. The NAA60/NatF bi-functional behaviour: (A) HAT/KAT enzymatic activity; (B) NAT enzymatic activity
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
NAA60 structural–functional insights. The main structural hallmarks of tertiary and secondary structures are highlighted (red, α-helix; blue, β sheets; grey-pink, loops). The structure is referred to the crystalized form (1–212 residues) PDB code 5GHZ. With (*) is reported the missing α-helix not present in 5GHZ crystal (shorter than the 1–242 wild-type protein)
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