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Review
. 2023 Jan;44(1):60-71.
doi: 10.1016/j.it.2022.11.003. Epub 2022 Dec 8.

New insights into transcription elongation control of HIV-1 latency and rebound

Uri Mbonye  1 , Fredrick Kizito  1 , Jonathan Karn  2
Affiliations
Review

New insights into transcription elongation control of HIV-1 latency and rebound

Uri Mbonye et al. Trends Immunol. 2023 Jan.

Abstract

Antiretroviral therapy reduces circulating HIV-1 to undetectable amounts but does not eliminate the virus due to the persistence of a stable reservoir of latently infected cells. The reservoir is maintained both by proliferation of latently infected cells and by reseeding from reactivated cells. A major challenge for the field is to find safe and effective methods to eliminate this source of rebounding HIV-1. Studies on the molecular mechanisms leading to HIV-1 latency and reactivation are being transformed using latency models in primary and patient CD4+ T cells. These studies have revealed the central role played by the biogenesis of the transcription elongation factor P-TEFb (Positive Transcription Elongation Factor b) and its recruitment to proviral HIV-1, for the maintenance of viral latency and the control of viral reactivation.

Keywords: 7SK snRNP; HIV-1 Tat; HIV-1 latency; HIV-1 reservoir; P-TEFb; T cell receptor signaling; latency reversal.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of interests No interests are declared.

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