A Review on Chitosan and Cellulose Hydrogels for Wound Dressings

doi:10.3390/polym14235163

Review

. 2022 Nov 27;14(23):5163.

doi: 10.3390/polym14235163.

A Review on Chitosan and Cellulose Hydrogels for Wound Dressings

Collins N Elangwe¹, Svetlana N Morozkina¹, Roman O Olekhnovich¹, Alexander Krasichkov², Victoriya O Polyakova³, Mayya V Uspenskaya¹

Affiliations

¹ Chemical Engineering Center, ITMO University, Kronverkskiy Prospect, 49A, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia.
² Departments of Radio Engineering Systems, Electrotechnical University "LETI", Prof. Popova Street 5F, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia.
³ St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Ligovsky 2-4, Saint Petersburg 191036, Russia.

PMID: 36501559
PMCID: PMC9741326
DOI: 10.3390/polym14235163

Review

A Review on Chitosan and Cellulose Hydrogels for Wound Dressings

Collins N Elangwe et al. Polymers (Basel). 2022.

. 2022 Nov 27;14(23):5163.

doi: 10.3390/polym14235163.

Authors

Collins N Elangwe¹, Svetlana N Morozkina¹, Roman O Olekhnovich¹, Alexander Krasichkov², Victoriya O Polyakova³, Mayya V Uspenskaya¹

Affiliations

¹ Chemical Engineering Center, ITMO University, Kronverkskiy Prospect, 49A, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia.
² Departments of Radio Engineering Systems, Electrotechnical University "LETI", Prof. Popova Street 5F, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia.
³ St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Ligovsky 2-4, Saint Petersburg 191036, Russia.

PMID: 36501559
PMCID: PMC9741326
DOI: 10.3390/polym14235163

Abstract

Wound management remains a challenging issue around the world, although a lot of wound dressing materials have been produced for the treatment of chronic and acute wounds. Wound healing is a highly dynamic and complex regulatory process that involves four principal integrated phases, including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Chronic non-healing wounds are wounds that heal significantly more slowly, fail to progress to all the phases of the normal wound healing process, and are usually stalled at the inflammatory phase. These wounds cause a lot of challenges to patients, such as severe emotional and physical stress and generate a considerable financial burden on patients and the general public healthcare system. It has been reported that about 1-2% of the global population suffers from chronic non-healing wounds during their lifetime in developed nations. Traditional wound dressings are dry, and therefore cannot provide moist environment for wound healing and do not possess antibacterial properties. Wound dressings that are currently used consist of bandages, films, foams, patches and hydrogels. Currently, hydrogels are gaining much attention as a result of their water-holding capacity, providing a moist wound-healing milieu. Chitosan is a biopolymer that has gained a lot of attention recently in the pharmaceutical industry due to its unique chemical and antibacterial nature. However, with its poor mechanical properties, chitosan is incorporated with other biopolymers, such as the cellulose of desirable biocompatibility, at the same time having the improved mechanical and physical properties of the hydrogels. This review focuses on the study of biopolymers, such as cellulose and chitosan hydrogels, for wound treatment.

Keywords: cellulose nanocrystals; chitosan; chronic wounds; hydrogels; market products; wound dressing.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Schematic presentation of the wound healing process. Reproduced from [20], with permission from MDPI, 2022.

**Figure 2**
Polymer structure of (a) Chitin (b) Chitosan (c) Gelatin (d) Cellulose.

**Figure 3**
Formation of crosslinking between dialdehyde cellulose and chitosan.

**Figure 4**
Summary of applications of chitosan-based hydrogels as both wound dressing and drug delivery systems.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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References

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1. Robson M., Steed D., Franz M. Wound healing: Biological features and approaches to maximize healing trajectories. Curr. Probl. Surg. 2001;38:72–140. doi: 10.1067/msg.2001.111167. - DOI - PubMed
1. Dhivya S., Padma V.V., Santhini E. Wound dressings—A review. BioMedicine. 2015;5:22–28. doi: 10.7603/s40681-015-0022-9. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Su J., Li J., Liang J., Zhang K., Li J. Hydrogel Preparation Methods and Biomaterials for Wound Dressing. Life. 2021;11:1016. doi: 10.3390/life11101016. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Wang W., Wang A. Nanocomposite of carboxymethyl cellulose and attapulgite as a novel pH-sensitive superabsorbent: Synthesis, characterization and properties. Carbohydr. Polym. 2010;82:83–91. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.04.026. - DOI

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[1] Kamoun E.A., Kenawy E.-R.S., Chen X. A review on polymeric hydrogel membranes for wound dressing applications: PVA-based hydrogel dressings. J. Adv. Res. 2017;8:217–233. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2017.01.005. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[2] Kamoun E.A., Kenawy E.-R.S., Chen X. A review on polymeric hydrogel membranes for wound dressing applications: PVA-based hydrogel dressings. J. Adv. Res. 2017;8:217–233. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2017.01.005. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[3] Robson M., Steed D., Franz M. Wound healing: Biological features and approaches to maximize healing trajectories. Curr. Probl. Surg. 2001;38:72–140. doi: 10.1067/msg.2001.111167. - DOI - PubMed

[4] Robson M., Steed D., Franz M. Wound healing: Biological features and approaches to maximize healing trajectories. Curr. Probl. Surg. 2001;38:72–140. doi: 10.1067/msg.2001.111167. - DOI - PubMed

[5] Dhivya S., Padma V.V., Santhini E. Wound dressings—A review. BioMedicine. 2015;5:22–28. doi: 10.7603/s40681-015-0022-9. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] Dhivya S., Padma V.V., Santhini E. Wound dressings—A review. BioMedicine. 2015;5:22–28. doi: 10.7603/s40681-015-0022-9. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Su J., Li J., Liang J., Zhang K., Li J. Hydrogel Preparation Methods and Biomaterials for Wound Dressing. Life. 2021;11:1016. doi: 10.3390/life11101016. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[8] Su J., Li J., Liang J., Zhang K., Li J. Hydrogel Preparation Methods and Biomaterials for Wound Dressing. Life. 2021;11:1016. doi: 10.3390/life11101016. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[9] Wang W., Wang A. Nanocomposite of carboxymethyl cellulose and attapulgite as a novel pH-sensitive superabsorbent: Synthesis, characterization and properties. Carbohydr. Polym. 2010;82:83–91. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.04.026. - DOI

[10] Wang W., Wang A. Nanocomposite of carboxymethyl cellulose and attapulgite as a novel pH-sensitive superabsorbent: Synthesis, characterization and properties. Carbohydr. Polym. 2010;82:83–91. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.04.026. - DOI

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A Review on Chitosan and Cellulose Hydrogels for Wound Dressings

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A Review on Chitosan and Cellulose Hydrogels for Wound Dressings

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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