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. 2022 Dec 2;11(23):3895.
doi: 10.3390/foods11233895.

Promoting Effect and Potential Mechanism of Lactobacillus pentosus LPQ1-Produced Active Compounds on the Secretion of 5-Hydroxytryptophan

Yixiu Zeng  1   2 , Jiajia Song  1 , Yuhong Zhang  3 , Yechuan Huang  2 , Feng Zhang  4 , Huayi Suo  1
Affiliations

Promoting Effect and Potential Mechanism of Lactobacillus pentosus LPQ1-Produced Active Compounds on the Secretion of 5-Hydroxytryptophan

Yixiu Zeng et al. Foods. .

Abstract

5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) is an important substance thought to improve depression. It has been shown that Lactobacillus can promote the secretion of 5-HTP in the body and thus ameliorate depression-like behavior in mice. However, the mechanism by which Lactobacillus promotes the secretion of 5-HTP is unclear. In this study, we investigated the promoting effect and mechanism of Lactobacillus, isolated from Chinese fermented foods, on the secretion of 5-HTP. The results showed that Lactobacillus (L.) pentosus LPQ1 exhibited the strongest 5-HTP secretion-promoting effect ((9.44 ± 0.69)-fold), which was dependent on the mixture of compounds secreted by L. pentosus LPQ1 (termed SLPQ1). In addition, the results of the RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses indicated that SLPQ1 alters the TNF and oxidative phosphorylation signaling pathways. Moreover, the SLPQ1 ultrafiltration fraction (>10 kDa) showed a similar 5-HTP promoting effect as SLPQ1. Furthermore, reverse-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (RPLC-MS/MS) identified 29 compounds of >10 kDa in SLPQ1, including DUF488 domain-containing protein, BspA family leucine-rich repeat surface protein, and 30S ribosomal protein S5, which together accounted for up to 62.51%. This study reports new findings on the mechanism by which L. pentosus LPQ1 promotes 5-HTP production in some cell lines in vitro.

Keywords: 5-hydroxytryptophan; RIN-14B cells; depression; lactic acid bacteria.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effects of different lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains on the secretion of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) by RIN-14B cells. (A) Effects of LAB strains on the secretion of 5-HTP by RIN-14B cells. (B) Cell viability. Control: RIN-14B cells; LPQ1: RIN-14B cells with Lactobacillus (L.) pentosus LPQ1; M45: RIN-14B cells with L. plantarum M45; T53: RIN-14B cells with L. rhamnosus T53; 05007: RIN-14B cells with L. plantarum 05007; 96: RIN-14B cells with L. casei 96; Q13: RIN-14B cells with L. helveticus Q13; Y4: RIN-14B cells with L. helveticus Y4; Q11: RIN-14B cells with L. plantarum Q11; 05015: RIN-14B cells with L. plantarum 05015; Q9: RIN-14B cells with L. plantarum Q9. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). Different letters (a–f) indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effect of active ingredients of the mixture of secreted compounds, SLPQ1, collected from Lactobacillus (L.) pentosus LPQ1 on the secretion of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP). (A) Identification of effective compounds. (B) Determination of the amount of SLPQ1 used. (C) Effect of different SLPQ1 amounts on cell activity. Control: control group; LPQ1: treatment group after L. pentosus LPQ1; LPQ1-S: treatment group after secretion of L. pentosus LPQ1 without L. pentosus LPQ1 (no freeze-drying); SLPQ1: treatment group after SLPQ1. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). Different letters (a–e) indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effects of the mixture of secreted compounds, SLPQ1, collected from Lactobacillus pentosus LPQ1 on the global gene expression profiling in RIN-14B cells. (A) Sample correlation heatmap. (B) Principal component analysis (PCA). (C) Veen diagram. (D) Volcano plot. Control: control group; SLPQ1: treatment group after SLPQ1. Control: control group; SLPQ1: treatment group after SLPQ1.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effects of the mixture of secreted compounds, SLPQ1, collected from Lactobacillus pentosus LPQ1 on Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. (A) GO term enrichment analysis. (B) KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Control: control group; SLPQ1: treatment group after SLPQ1.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effects of the mixture of secreted compounds, SLPQ1, collected from Lactobacillus pentosus LPQ1 on the genes related to the TNF and oxidative phosphorylation signaling pathways. (A) Heatmap of the TNF signaling pathway. (B) Effect of SLPQ1 on the expression of the TNF signaling pathway-related genes in RIN-14B cells. (C) Heatmap of the oxidative phosphorylation signaling pathway. (D) Effect of SLPQ1 on the expression of the oxidative phosphorylation-related genes in RIN-14B cells. Control: control group; SLPQ1: treatment group after SLPQ1. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). For the same gene, two different letters (a, b) represent significant differences (p < 0.05).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Effects of the mixture of secreted compounds, SLPQ1, collected from Lactobacillus pentosus LPQ1 of different molecular weights on the promotion of 5-HTP secretion. Control: control group; SLPQ1: treatment group after SLPQ1. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).
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