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. 2022 Nov 11;11(22):3569.
doi: 10.3390/cells11223569.

Evaluation of the Hematological and Serum Biochemistry Parameters in the Pre-Symptomatic and Symptomatic Stages of ALS Disease to Support Early Diagnosis and Prognosis

Duygu Aydemir  1   2 , Selcuk Surucu  3 , Ayse Nazli Basak  4 , Nuriye Nuray Ulusu  1   2
Affiliations

Evaluation of the Hematological and Serum Biochemistry Parameters in the Pre-Symptomatic and Symptomatic Stages of ALS Disease to Support Early Diagnosis and Prognosis

Duygu Aydemir et al. Cells. .

Abstract

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common motor neuron disease. Since there are no pathognomonic tests for ALS prognoses; clinical diagnoses of the disease take time and are usually difficult. Prognostic biomarkers are urgently needed for rapid and effective ALS prognoses. Male albino rats were divided into ten groups based on age: 0 (40-45 days old), A (70-75 days old), B (90-95 days old), C (110-115 days old), and D (130-135 days old). Each group was divided into two subgroups according to its mutation status: wild type (SOD1WT) or mutated (SOD1G93A). Serum biochemistry and hematological parameters were measured in 90 rats to evaluate possible biomarkers for faster ALS diagnoses and prognoses. Weight loss, cholesterol, creatinine, glucose, total bilirubin (TBIL), blood urine nitrogen (BUN), c-peptide, glucagon, PYY, white blood cell (WBC), lymphocyte (LYM), monocyte (MID), granulocyte (GRAN), red cell distribution width with standard deviation (RDW-SD), red cell distribution width with the coefficient of variation (RDW-CV), platelet (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and procalcitonin (PCT) levels were changed in the SOD1G93A rats compared to the SOD1WT rats independently from aging. For the first time in the literature, we showed promising hematological and serum biochemistry parameters in the pre-symptomatic and symptomatic stages of ALS by eliminating the effects of aging. Our results can be used for early diagnoses and prognoses of ALS, improving the quality of life and survival time of ALS patients.

Keywords: ALS; early diagnosis; hematological parameters; pre-symptomatic; serum biochemistry; symptomatic.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Body weights of the SOD1G93A and SOD1WT rats. All results were given as mean ± SD of n = 6–8 animals for each group. Notes: *** p ≤ 0.001, and **** p ≤ 0.0001.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Serum biochemical parameters of the SOD1G93A and SOD1WT rats. All results were given as mean ± SD of n = 6–8 animals for each group. Notes: * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001, and **** p ≤ 0.0001.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Serum hormone parameters of the SOD1G93A and SOD1WT rats. All results were given as mean ± SD of n = 6–8 animals for each group. Notes: * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001, and **** p ≤ 0.0001.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Blood parameters of the SOD1G93A and SOD1WT rats. All results were given as mean ± SD of n = 6–8 animals for each group. Notes: * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Serum mineral and trace element levels of the SOD1G93A and SOD1WT rats. All results were given as mean ± SD of n = 6–8 animals for each group. Notes: ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001, and **** p ≤ 0.0001.
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This research received no external funding and APC was funded by Koc University.