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. 2022 Sep 24;12(10):898.
doi: 10.3390/metabo12100898.

The Level of Remnant Cholesterol and Implications for Lipid-Lowering Strategy in Hospitalized Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome in China: Findings from the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China-Acute Coronary Syndrome Project

Na Yang  1 , Miao Wang  1 , Jing Liu  1 , Jun Liu  1 , Yongchen Hao  1 , Dong Zhao  1 , On Behalf Of Ccc-Acs Investigators  1
Affiliations

The Level of Remnant Cholesterol and Implications for Lipid-Lowering Strategy in Hospitalized Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome in China: Findings from the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China-Acute Coronary Syndrome Project

Na Yang et al. Metabolites. .

Abstract

Elevated remnant cholesterol is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). We aimed to evaluate the concentrations and general distribution of remnant cholesterol at admission in patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and those in patients who reached the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) target or non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) target. Patients with ACS who were enrolled in the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China—ACS project from 2014 to 2019 were included. Elevated remnant cholesterol concentrations were defined as ≥1.0 mmol/L. Among 94,869 patients, the median (interquartile range) remnant cholesterol concentration at admission was 0.6 mmol/L (0.4−0.9 mmol/L) and 19.2% had elevated remnant cholesterol concentrations. Among patients with LDL-C concentrations < 1.4 mmol/L, 24.4% had elevated remnant cholesterol concentrations, while the proportion was 13.3% among patients with LDL-C concentrations between 1.4 and 1.7 mmol/L. Among patients with non-HDL-C concentrations < 2.6 mmol/L, 2.9% had elevated remnant cholesterol concentrations but 79.6% had LDL-C concentrations ≥ 1.4 mmol/L. Even among patients with LDL-C < 1.4 mmol/L and non-HDL-C < 2.6 mmol/L, 10.9% had elevated remnant cholesterol. In conclusion, one fifth of patients with ACS have elevated remnant cholesterol concentrations at admission. Elevated remnant cholesterol concentrations are present in patients with LDL-C or/and non-HDL-C concentrations within the target, which represents an unmet need to add remnant cholesterol as a target for the secondary prevention of ASCVD.

Keywords: acute coronary syndrome; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; remnant cholesterol.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Distribution of remnant cholesterol concentrations at admission in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Proportions of different cholesterol components in total cholesterol among the whole patients and in subgroups with different triglyceride concentrations. LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; non-HDL-C, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) Quintile cut-off values and the proportion of elevated remnant cholesterol concentrations in patients with LDL-C concentrations < 1.4 mmol/L. (b) Quintile cut-off values and the proportion of elevated remnant cholesterol concentrations in patients with LDL-C concentrations of 1.4–1.7 mmol/L. (c) Quintile cut-off values and the proportion of elevated remnant cholesterol concentrations in patients with non-HDL-C concentrations < 2.6 mmol/L. (d) Quintile cut-off values and the proportion of elevated LDL-C concentrations in patients with non-HDL-C concentrations < 2.6 mmol/L. (e) Quintile cut-off values and the proportion of elevated remnant cholesterol concentrations in patients with LDL-C concentrations < 1.4 mmol/L and non-HDL-C concentrations < 2.6 mmol/L. (f) Quintile cut-off values and the proportion of elevated remnant cholesterol concentrations in patients with LDL-C concentrations of 1.4–1.7 mmol/L and non-HDL-C concentrations < 2.6 mmol/L. *, proportion of patients with remnant cholesterol ≥ 1.0 mmol/L. LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; non-HDL-C, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; RC, remnant cholesterol.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) Quintile cut-off values and the proportion of elevated remnant cholesterol concentrations in patients with LDL-C concentrations < 1.4 mmol/L. (b) Quintile cut-off values and the proportion of elevated remnant cholesterol concentrations in patients with LDL-C concentrations of 1.4–1.7 mmol/L. (c) Quintile cut-off values and the proportion of elevated remnant cholesterol concentrations in patients with non-HDL-C concentrations < 2.6 mmol/L. (d) Quintile cut-off values and the proportion of elevated LDL-C concentrations in patients with non-HDL-C concentrations < 2.6 mmol/L. (e) Quintile cut-off values and the proportion of elevated remnant cholesterol concentrations in patients with LDL-C concentrations < 1.4 mmol/L and non-HDL-C concentrations < 2.6 mmol/L. (f) Quintile cut-off values and the proportion of elevated remnant cholesterol concentrations in patients with LDL-C concentrations of 1.4–1.7 mmol/L and non-HDL-C concentrations < 2.6 mmol/L. *, proportion of patients with remnant cholesterol ≥ 1.0 mmol/L. LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; non-HDL-C, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; RC, remnant cholesterol.
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