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. 2022 Oct 5;23(19):11797.
doi: 10.3390/ijms231911797.

First Report on the Streptococcusgallolyticus (S. bovis Biotype I) DSM 13808 Exopolysaccharide Structure

Anna Maciejewska  1 , Czeslaw Lugowski  1 , Jolanta Lukasiewicz  1
Affiliations

First Report on the Streptococcusgallolyticus (S. bovis Biotype I) DSM 13808 Exopolysaccharide Structure

Anna Maciejewska et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus, known as Streptococcus bovis biotype I, is a facultative pathogen causing bacteraemia, infective endocarditis and sepsis that has been linked with colorectal cancer (CRC), but this correlation is still unclear. Bacterial surface structures, such as the major sugar antigens exposed to the outside of the microorganism, are potential virulence factors. One of the primary sugar antigens loosely attached to the cell surface is the biofilm component, exopolysaccharide (EPS). EPSs of S. bovis are poorly characterized molecules. Until now, only one S. macedonicus Sc136 EPS structure was known to the entire S. bovis group. The S. gallolyticus DSM 13808 EPS was investigated by chemical analysis, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The hexasaccharide repeating unit of the EPS, containing four Glc, two Rha residues and one phosphate group, has been described " →6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-l-Rhap-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-[β-d-Glcp-(1→2)]-α-l-Rhap-(1→2)-α-d-Glcp-(1→P→".

Keywords: EPS; NMR; Streptococcus bovis (biotype I); Streptococcus gallolyticus; exopolysaccharide; mass spectrometry.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The structure and 1H NMR spectrum of the EPS isolated from S. gallolyticus DSM 13808. The capital letters refer to carbohydrate residues, as shown in the inset structure and Table 1. The Arabic numerals refer to protons in respective residues. Letter A′ presents a variant of the residue A due to the lack of a phosphate group at the reducing end, affecting the presence of residue B′ instead of residue B.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Selected regions of 1H,13C HSQC-DEPT and HMBC spectra of the EPS. The capital letters refer to carbohydrate residues, as shown in Figure 1 and Table 1. The Arabic numerals refer to protons and carbons in respective residues. Residues A′, A″ and residues B′, B″ are variants of residues A and B, respectively, due to the lack of a phosphate group at the reducing end.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Selected region of 1H,31P HMBC spectrum of the EPS.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Positive ion mode MALDI-TOF mass spectra of the partially hydrolysed EPS (A), and the MS/MS fragmentation of the ion at m/z 1061.29 (1+) attributed to the hexasaccharide repeating unit linked to phosphate group accompanied by the EPS inset structure explaining interpretation of the fragment ions (B). The RU·P and RU symbols stand for the one repeating unit of the EPS with or without P, respectively. The m/z values represent single charged ions. The fragment ions were presented according to the nomenclature of Domon and Costello [19].
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