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. 2022 Aug 26;17(8):e0273244.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273244. eCollection 2022.

Quantifying the number of deaths among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cancer patients that could be avoided by removing survival inequalities, Australia 2005-2016

Paramita Dasgupta  1 , Gail Garvey  2 , Peter D Baade  1   3   4
Affiliations

Quantifying the number of deaths among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cancer patients that could be avoided by removing survival inequalities, Australia 2005-2016

Paramita Dasgupta et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background: While Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have poorer cancer survival than other Australians, absolute measures of survival disparities are lacking. This study quantified crude probabilities of deaths from cancer and other causes and estimated the number of avoidable deaths for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders if these survival disparities were removed.

Methods: Flexible parametric relative survival models were used to estimate reported measures for a population-based cohort of 709,239 Australians (12,830 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples), 2005-2016.

Results: Among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, the 5-year crude probability of cancer death was 0.44, while it was 0.07 for other causes of death. These probabilities were 0.07 and 0.03 higher than among other Australians, respectively. Magnitude of these disparities varied by cancer type and ranged for cancer deaths from <0.05 for pancreatic, prostate and uterine cancers to 0.20 for cervical and head and neck cancers. Values for disparity in other causes of death were generally lower. Among an average cohort of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples diagnosed per year over the most recent five-year diagnosis period (2012-2016, n = 1,269), approximately 133 deaths within 5 years of diagnosis were potentially avoidable if they had the same overall survival as other Australians, with 94 of these deaths due to cancer. The total number of avoided deaths over the entire study period (2005-2016) was 1,348, with 947 of these deaths due to cancer.

Conclusions: Study findings suggest the need to reduce the prevalence of risk factors prevalence, increase screening participation, and improve early detection, diagnosis and treatment rates to achieve more equitable outcomes for a range of cancer types. Reported measures provide unique insights into the impact of a cancer diagnosis among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples from a different perspective to standard relative survival measures.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Excess mortality rate from all causes, up to five years since diagnosis by cancer type and Australian Indigenous status, Australia, 2005–2016.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Five-year crude probability of death from cancer, death from other causes and being alive, for all cancers combined by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status, Australia, 2005–2016.
Fig 3
Fig 3
Disparity in standardised crude probability of death from cancer (a) and other causes (b), five years since diagnosis between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders and other Australians, by cancer type, Australia, 2005–2016.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Publication types

Grants and funding

Gail Garvey was supported by National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Investigator Grant (#1176651). Funding bodies had no role in the study design, collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, writing of this article or the decision to submit this article for publication.